Topic 2 Flashcards
When were the Jim crow laws introduced
1917
How were black people prevented to vote?
Voters had to be home owners
Whites stood at polling stations to beat up any black person
Literacy tests that were made unfair for black people
How many lynchings were there of black men between 1915-30 in the south
579
What was one lynching in 1955 that struck the nation
14 year old emmett till who was lynched for talking to a white woman
How many KKK members were there by 1925 , who were some members
3 - 8 million
In south many were people in power eg state governors and even policemen
What was the 1896 Plessy v Ferguson ruling
Despite 14th amendment segregation was possible under the “separate but equal” ideology
How many African Americans moved to the north in the Great migration 1917-32
2 million approx
Why did African Americans move to the north
Drawn there for the work
To escape the Jim Crow laws
What was the trigger cause for the great migration?
WW1 as there was a rising need for workers in the munitions factories in the North
—> owners offered housing , free transport , good wages
What was the pattern of life for African American migrants in the north
Found somewhere to live and a job
The job was low paying , often replaced by white workers
Accommodation was crowded
Rent was higher
Give an example of how black populations rose in Northern cities
1910 91,000
1920 152,000
1930 327,000
How did black populations have a political influence
Mayors realised the power of black voters so listened to black worries eg Chicago 1919
Powerful business-oriented black elite grew up that had a vested interest in segregation
In some cases, black people did not realise political power, such as in NYC, how?
Black populations were distributed openly
And white political had a tight hold on the politics of the city
How were churches significant for black populations, especially for NYC
Significant bases for civil rights movements for preachers
Why did black voters shift from republican to democrat in the 1940’s
the new deal
Why was FDR insignificant for black voters , however what did he do in the militarily ww1
Did appoint some black voters
But focused on white majority who were FOR segregation
But did issue E O 8802 banning racism in the defence industry
Why was The new deal negative for black leople
Constantly moved off projects to make way for whites
Sacked in the thousands during agricultural reforms
Social security provision did not apply to farm workers (where many black worked)
How did FDR advisors help black Americans during the new deal
Persuaded the National recovery administration
That regulated the min wage for black and white leople at the same rate … however mostly ignored
When was the NAACP set up , name one legal action it took in 1931
1910 , organised many of the legal actions against segregation eg 1931 9 black men framed for rape on a train in Alabama with lawyers uncovering a conspiracy and men found not guilty
What was ratio of black NAACP members to black communists in 1930’s Alabama
6 : 3,000
How did black churches help during the Great Depression
Set up support support systems
Eg In Harlem father divine of the peace mission church group set up restaurants , shops that sold food supplies to black people at a lower price than white run stores
How did the women’s “Housewvies league” help during the depression
Began in Detroit and spread across the country with the motto “don’t buy where you can’t work” campaigns to boycott white owned stores until they hired black workers
Executive order 7027 set up resettlement administration may 1935 gave low income families money to lend, however how many black farmers did it help?
3400 / 200,000
So 1939 things were so bad that 2 million signed a petition asking for federal aid to move to Africa
During ww2 , how did Phillip Randolph push for executive order 8802 May 1941
Threatened a 100,000 strong all black march on Washington
