Topic 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is development?
It is the economic, social and political progress a country or people make. It must be sustainable and experienced by many people.
What is the GDP?
The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. ($)
What is the GDP per capita?
The GDP divided by the population of a country.
What is the GNI and GNI per capita?
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year including overseas. The GNI per capita is the GNI divided by the population of a country.
What is the birth rate?
Number of live babies born per 1000 per year.
What is the death rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 per year.
What is the fertility rate?
The average number of births per woman.
What is the infant mortality rate?
Number of babies who die under the age of 1 per 1000 babies born.
What is the maternal mortality rate?
Number of mothers who die due to childbirth per 100,000.
What is the gini coefficient?
A measure of economic inequality. 0 is very equal and 1 is very unequal.
What is the gender inequality index?
A number that is calculated using data showing the status of women in society. The higher the better.
What is the HDI?
A number between 0-1 that includes a country’s health, wealth and education. The higher the better.
What is the corruption perception index?
A measure of the government’s corruptness. 0 is the worst and 10 is the best.
What is the inequality measure?
Number between 0-100 which measures whether the income in a country is equally distributed. The lower the score the better.
What is the literacy rate?
Percentage of the population over age 15 who can read and write a basic sentence.
What is the access to safe drinking water?
Percentage of population who have access to a water supply within 1km of their home.
What is the usual population structure in a developing country?
High fertility and birth rates due to the lack of contraception
More children because there is a worse healthcare and many babies die
Death rate is high
Life expectancy is low
Lots more children than older people
What is the usual population structure in an emerging country?
Fertility rates aren’t as high due to society becoming more equal and education improving
Contraception increases
More women work instead of having children
Health care improves and so does life expectancy
More people of working age and less children
What is the usual population structure in a developed country?
Fertility rates are low and quality of life increases
Health care is good
Death rate is low
Life expectancy is high
More older people and less children
What are factors that affect the development of a country?
Climate
Education
Governments
Topography
Health
Colonialism
Neo-colonialism
What does inequality mean?
Extreme differences between poverty and wealth, as well as is people’s access to things (jobs, housing, healthcare and education)
What was Rostow’s theory about?
It predicted the stages of development a country would go through. As they progressed, they would expand into different industries.
Summarise what the Rostow’s five stages are about
- Traditional society : limited technology, focused on farming, fishing and living in rural areas.
- Preconditions for take-off : manufacturing and infrastructure develops e.g. roads, power, railways.
- Take-off : rapid growth in manufacturing industries, banking and wealth increases.
- Drive to maturity : economy grows and people get wealthier, technology and standard of living increases.
- Mass consumption : goods are mass produced and trade increases, wealthy people and high consumption levels.
What was Frank’s theory about?
It was a theory which talked about why some countries are more developed than others. Poorer and weaker countries remain poor because they rely on the richer countries. This could be because the richer countries exploit the poorer countries for cheaper raw materials and labour.
