Topic 2

Question 1

What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell?

Answer 1

Haploid cells have 23 chromosomes

Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 2

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 2

In the nucleus

Question 3

Name the process where the parent cell divides into two genetically identical diploid nuclei.

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 4

During growth, repair and sexual reproduction

Question 5

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 5

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 6

Name the two stages that occur before and after mitosis.

Answer 6

Interphase (before mitosis)

Cytokinesis (after mitosis)

Question 7

Describe what happens during prophase.

Answer 7

The nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibres apepear

Question 8

Describe what happens during Metaphase

Answer 8

The chromosomes line up on the spindle fibres across the middle of the cell

Question 9

Describe what happens during anaphase

Answer 9

The chromosome copies are separated and moved to either end of the cell on the spindle fibres

Question 10

Describe what happens during telophase

Answer 10

A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form a nuclei

Question 11

Describe what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 11

A cell surface membrane forms to separate the two cells

Question 12

What does a plant cell contain that animal cells don’t?

Answer 12

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Large permanent vacuole

Question 13

What do ribosomes make.

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

What is a chromosome?

Answer 14

Structure in the nuclei, that carries genetic information

Question 15

What is the smallest unit?

Answer 15

Picometre

Question 16

What is the name of a cell without a nucleus?

Answer 16

Prokaryotic cell

Question 17

What is the name of a cell with a nuclei?

Answer 17

An eukaryotic cell

Question 18

How does cancer occur?

Answer 18

When cells divide too quickly

Question 19

Name a sub cellular cell pad which a cell makes extra of during mitosis?

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

State two processes that take place during interphase.

Answer 20

DNA replication

More sub-cellular structure made

Question 21

Define a spindle fibre

Answer 21

Filament formed in a cell during mitosis, which helps separate the chromosomes

Question 22

Define meristem and where it is found

Answer 22

Undifferentiated cells found near root tips and shoot tips.

Question 23

Define xylem cells

Answer 23

Cells that join with other xylem cells to carry water and minerals through the plant. They are hollow for easy flow of water

Question 24

Define stem cell

Answer 24

Unspecialised cell that continues to divide by mitosis to produce more stem cells and other cells that differentiate into specialised cells

Question 25

Define embryonic stem cell

Answer 25

Stem cell from an early embryo that produces specialised cell of different types

Question 26

What cell does respiration take place in.

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

3 stages of growth in plants

Answer 27

Mitosis Elongation Differentiation

Question 28

Define growth

Answer 28

Increase in number of cells

Question 29

What is the function of the cell structure that contains chlorophyll?

Answer 29

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 30

Name the structure filled with sap and what the functions of the cell structure filled with sap

Answer 30

Large pet ant vacuole | Stores sap and keeps it ridged

Question 31

How are roots adapted for absorbing water and minerals?

Answer 31

Large surface area so can absorb more

Question 32

What cell is found in meristems

Answer 32

Unspecialised

Question 33

Explain how the specialisation of xylem vessel help Carry out it’d function.

Answer 33

Thickened cell will to with stand Hugh pressure

Question 34

Why is cell differentiation important in to plants and animals?

Answer 34

Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions

Question 35

Embryonic stem cells..

Answer 35

Can develop into an specialised cells Produce cells needed in development of an embryo. Found in an embryo Used as a treatment in a variety of diseases like diabetes type 1

Question 36

Adult stem cells...

Answer 36

Only develop into few specialised cells Replace and pair damaged tissues Found in tissues containing specialised cells Used in bone marrow transplants to reproduce new cells

Question 37

Meristem in plants...

Answer 37

Can develop into my type of cell It grows and produces specialised cells Found at roots and tips of shoots They are cut from leaves to grow new plants

Question 38

Risks of stem cell treatment

Answer 38

They can give you cancer when dividing uncontrollably | The persons immune system may reject them

Question 39

Define unspecialised cells

Answer 39

Cells with no Specialised features to help them carry out particular function

Question 40

Organ system that you would find nerve cells.

Answer 40

Nervous system

Question 41

What is a nerve cells specialised to do?

Answer 41

Produce electrical signals or impulses

Question 42

State the name of one organ in the nervous system

Answer 42

Brain

Question 43

What is the function of the Motor neuron?

Answer 43

It passes impulses to the effectors such as muscles and it also allows you to respond to a stimulus

Question 44

What is the difference between a motor neuron and sensory neuron?

Answer 44

The sensory neuron is longer

Question 45

What is the function of myelin sheath?

Answer 45

It insulate the neutron from others around and speed up impulse transmission

Question 46

How are imposes transported?

Answer 46

Stimulus receptor cells and sensory neuron to relay neuron to motoneuron to affecters

Question 47

What cells detect stimuli

Answer 47

Receptor cells

Question 48

What are the electrical signals called

Answer 48

Impulses

Question 49

What cells carry out electrical signals

Answer 49

Neurons

Question 50

What does the brain do with the information that I received

Answer 50

Process is it

Question 51

What do axon terminals do?

Answer 51

Pass impulse to other neurons

Question 52

Name a stimulus

Answer 52

Pain, light

Question 53

Name your sense organs

Answer 53

Skin eyes ears

Question 54

Where does synapse occur?

Answer 54

In between sensory neuron and relay neuron and in between relay neuron and motor neuron

Question 55

What are the different functions of relay neurons motoneurons and sensory neurons

Answer 55

Sensory neurons carry signals from the receptors to the brain Relay neurons carry Messages from one part of the central nervous system to the other Motoneurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the effectors

Question 56

Name a disadvantage of synapse

Answer 56

It’s slows down transmission

Question 57

Name and advantage of synapse

Answer 57

It allows impulses to flow in only One Direction | Allows generations of fresh impulses in many neurons