Topic 2 And 3 Flashcards
What is a scalar quantity
Magnitude but no specific diretcion
What is a vector quantity
Has both magnitude and specific direction
What is displacement
Vector quantity
Distance an object moves in a straight line from starting point to finish
What is distance
Distance is how far an object moves.
Distance is a scalar quantity.
This is because it contains a magnitude (size) but not a direction.
What is speed
Scalar quantity
Speed does not have direction it only has a magnitude
What is velocity
Vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction
What kind of quantity is mass and energy
Scalar quantity
On a distance time graph what happens if the speed increases
The object will travel a longer distance in the same amount of time
The gradient will become steeped
How do you work out the speed on a distance time graph
Work out the gradient
What happens when the speed on a distance time graph decreases
If an object’s speed decreases, then the object will travel a shorter distance in the same amount of time. The slope (gradient) of the distance-time graph will become less steep.
What axis are distance and time on
Distance on y axis and time on x axis
What does the area under a velocity time graph represent
Distance travelled by an object
What do light gates do
Record how long it takes for an object to pass through them - can be used to calculate speed
How can you set up a light gate experiment
Length of a piece of card is measured with a ruler and attached to a trolley
The trolley is rolled down the ramp so that the card passes through the light gate
What must happen for there to be motion in a circle
There must be a resultant force that is known as the centripetal force that acts towards the centre of the circle
What does Newton’s 3rd law state
Whenever two objects interact, the forces that they exert on each other are equal and opposite which shows an equilibrium
What does Newton’s third law suggest about collision interactions
In collisions this means that the force of one object on the other is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
What is momentum
The mass of an object multiplied by its velocity
What is the law of conservation of momentum
Momentum cannot be created or destroyed
Newton’s 2nd law equation
Force = change in momentum/ time
Describe the energy stores and transfers as an object moves upwards
object’s energy is initially in the kinetic store as it moves upwards.
The object’s energy is slowly transferred from the kinetic store to the gravitational potential store as it slows down and climbs higher.
Once the object reaches its highest point, all of it’s energy is in the gravitational potential store.
Explain the energy transfers on an object that is accelerated by a constant force
Work is done by a force on an object.
This work is converted to the object’s kinetic store.
Describe the energy transfers of an object hitting an obstacle
object’s energy is in the kinetic store to begin with because it is moving.
When the object collides with the obstacle, energy is converted to:
The kinetic store of the obstacle (making it move),
The thermal store of the object and the obstacle
Explain the energy transfers from bringing water to a boil in an electric kettle
Energy transfers from the electrical store of the mains power supply to the thermal store of the water.
