Topic 2: Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter

Question 1

What are the 4 types of chemical bonds?

Answer 1

Compounds
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

Question 2

Which 3 of the chemical bonds are the strong bonds?

Answer 2

Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

2 or more elements chemically combined

Question 4

Where does ionic bonding occur?

Answer 4

In compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals.

Question 5

Ionic particles are __________ charged ____ .

Answer 5

Oppositely
Ions

Question 6

Where does covalent bonding occur?

Answer 6

In most non-metallic elements and in compounds of non-metals.

Question 7

Covalent particles are atoms which share _____ of _________ .

Answer 7

Pairs
Electrons

Question 8

Where does metallic bonding occur?

Answer 8

In metallic elements and alloys.

Question 9

Metallic particles are atoms which share ___________ electrons.

Answer 9

Delocalised

Question 10

Electron transfers to form ionic compounds can be represented by…

Answer 10

Dot and cross diagrams

Question 11

What direction do ionic compound forces act in and why?

Answer 11

All directions as it is a giant 3D structure.

Question 12

How are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 12

By strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 13

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 13

When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 14

What are polymers?

Answer 14

Large covalently bonded molecules

Question 15

What do giant covalent structures consist of?

Answer 15

Many atoms covalently bonded in a lattice structure.

Question 16

What is another word for a giant covalent structure?

Answer 16

Macromolecules

Question 17

Name 2 examples of giant covalent structures.

Answer 17

Diamond
Silicon Dioxide

Question 18

What does the delocalised electron system consist of in terms of metallic bonding?

Answer 18

Electrons lost from the atoms to form positive ions.

Question 19

What does the bonding in a metal consist of (metallic bonding)?

Answer 19

Positive ions (atoms that have lost electrons) and delocalised electrons attached in a regular pattern.

Question 20

___________ electrons are free to move through the structure (in terms of metallic bonding)

Answer 20

Delocalised

Question 21

Why are metallic bonds so strong?

Answer 21

Because the delocalised electrons are shared through the structure.

Question 22

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 22

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 23

What takes place at the melting point?

Answer 23

Melting and freezing

Question 24

What takes place at the boiling point?

Answer 24

Boiling and condensing

Question 25

The stronger the forces between the particles the higher the…

Answer 25

Melting point and boiling point of the substance.

Question 26

What are the 4 state symbols in chemical equations?

Answer 26

(S) solid (L) liquid (G) gas (Aq) aqueous solution

Question 27

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 27

Because a lot of energy is required to break the strong bonds.

Question 28

When can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

Answer 28

When they are melted or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move and carry a current.

Question 29

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid?

Answer 29

Because the ions are in fixed positions.

Question 30

Smaller molecules have ____ intermolecular forces.

Answer 30

Weak

Question 31

Intermolecular forces increase with the size of the _________ , so larger _________ have ______ melting and boiling points.

Answer 31

Molecule Molecules Higher

Question 32

True or false: “small molecules have an overall electric charge”

Answer 32

False: small molecules DO NOT have an overall electric charge, so they cannot conduct electricity.

Question 33

Polymers have very large _________ .

Answer 33

Molecules

Question 34

How are polymer molecules linked to other atoms?

Answer 34

By strong covalent bonds.

Question 35

Why are polymers solid at room temperature?

Answer 35

Because the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are quite strong.

Question 36

What are alloys made from?

Answer 36

2 or more different types of metals.

Question 37

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 37

Because the different sized atoms distort the layers in the structure, making it difficult for the layers to slide over each other.

Question 38

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 38

Because the delocalised electrons in the metal carry an electrical charge.

Question 39

Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy?

Answer 39

Because energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons.