Topic 2- Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter Flashcards
(28 cards)
Coarse particles
Coarse particles (PM10) have diameters between 1 x 10^-5 m and 2.5 x 10^-6 m. They are often referred to as dust.
Conductor
A material which contains charged particles that are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.
Covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.
Diamond
A giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms, each forming four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.
Electrostatic forces
The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Empirical formula
The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Fine particles
Fine particles (PM2.5) have diameters between 100 and 2500 nm (1 x 10^-7 m and 2.5 x 10^-6 m).
Fullerenes
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes, based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms, but may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.
Gas
The state of matter where the particles have the most energy, are relatively spread out, and move randomly in all directions.
Graphene
A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites.
Graphite
A giant covalent structure made up of carbon atoms, each forming three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between the layers.
Ion
An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
Ionic bond
A bond formed when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negatively charged ion.
Ionic compound
A chemical compound formed of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces.
Intermolecular forces
The forces which exist between molecules, impacting physical properties like boiling/melting point.
Lattice
A repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules occurring in crystal structures.
Liquid
The state of matter where the particles are arranged randomly and close together, able to move past each other.
Metallic bond
The bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and negatively charged electrons.
Metals
Elements that react to form positive ions, found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.
Molecular formula
The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles have diameters between 1 nm to 100 nm in size and can exhibit properties different from those for the same material in bulk.
Nanoscience
Refers to structures that are 1–100 nm in size, of the order of a few hundred atoms.
Non-metals
Elements that react to form negative ions, found towards the right and top of the periodic table.
Particle theory
The theory which models the three states of matter by representing the particles as small solid spheres, explaining melting, boiling, freezing, and condensing.
