Topic 2 - Cells

Question 1

2 similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

both contain organelles
cell surface made of phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

2 differences between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

-prokaryotic cells contain no membrane bound organelles
-prokaryotic have 70s ribosomes, eukaryotic have 80s

Question 3

is an animal cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 3

eukaryotic

Question 4

what 6 organelles do animal cells have

Answer 4

mitochondria
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
golgi
lysosomes
nucleus

Question 5

is a plant cell eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 5

eukaryotic

Question 6

what do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 6

vacuole
chloroplast
cell wall

Question 7

structure of nuclear envelope

Answer 7

double membrane with pores

Question 8

function of nuclear membrane

Answer 8

pores control passage of ions and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Question 9

what is the nucleolus made of

Answer 9

proteins, RNA, DNA

Question 10

what is the function of nucleolus

Answer 10

act as a site which ribosomes are made

Question 11

structure of mitochondria

Answer 11

double membrane
phospholipid bilayer
cristae

Question 12

what is a plasmid?

Answer 12

-single length of DNA
-contain genes that aid the bacterium’s survival

Question 13

ribosomes function in a bacteria?

Answer 13

“workbenches” where proteins are made

Question 14

in a bacteria what is the cell wall made of

Answer 14

peptidoglycan

Question 15

structure of gram positive bacteria

Answer 15

-peptidoglycan wall is very thick and protective
-has a purple stain (gram stain)

Question 16

structure of gram negative

Answer 16

-cell wall is thin
-stained red
-have additional outer fatty/protein membrane

Question 17

structure of sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 17

-single,tubular sacs made of membrane

Question 18

function of sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 18

lipids are made

Question 19

structure of golgi apparatus

Answer 19

-single,curved sacs enclosed by membrane
-many vesicles cluster around it

Question 20

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 20

modifies proteins and packages then in vesicles for transport

Question 21

structure of lysosome

Answer 21

-enclosed by single membrane
-contains digestive enzymes

Question 22

function of lysosome

Answer 22

destroys old organelles and pathogens

Question 23

structure of centrioles

Answer 23

-two hollow cylinders
-arranged at right angles to each other

Question 24

function of centrioles

Answer 24

makes a spindle in cell division

Question 25

structure of rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 25

-single, flattened sacs enclosed by membrane -ribosomes on surface

Question 26

function of rER

Answer 26

proteins made here

Question 27

simple viral structure

Answer 27

-all have some genetic material surrounded by a protective protein coat (capsid) -no cytoplasm and no organelles

Question 28

structure of lambda phage

Answer 28

head- protein coat (capsid) tail fibres- proteins

Question 29

structure of hiv

Answer 29

-capsid -mrna -phospholipid bilayer envelope -protein spikes

Question 30

structure of ebola

Answer 30

-RNA -lipid envelope -glycoprotein -capsid

Question 31

4 ways to prevent spread of virus

Answer 31

-patients should be quarantined -affected areas should be isolated -protective equipment (face mask) -careful hand washing

Question 32

what does meiosis produce

Answer 32

two nuclear divisions creating 4 haploid cells

Question 33

what happens in interphase

Answer 33

cell prepared to divide

Question 34

what happens in prophase

Answer 34

nuclear envelope breaks down and centrioles move to opposite poles

Question 35

what happens in metaphase

Answer 35

chromosomes line up

Question 36

what happens in anaphase

Answer 36

spindles contract and pull chromatids to each pole

Question 37

what happens in telephase

Answer 37

cytoplasm spilts and two daughters cells are formed daughter cells are identical to original cell