Topic 2: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a cellular respiration pathway?
A pathway found in cells from all three domains and are central importance to cells and you love energy
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
And energy investment and an energy pay off phase
What is ATP required for in glycolysis?
Phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates
What happens during the energy investment phase?
Glucose and intermediates are phosphorylated by ATP
What happens during the energy pay off stage?
Where is generation of more ATP and this result in a net gain of ATP
What happens to pyruvate and aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate is broken down to acetyl group
Acetyl group combines with Coenzyme A to produce what?
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Where does the citric acid cycle occur at?
The matrix of the mitochondria
The acetyl group from acetyl-Coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form what?
Citrate
What happens to citrate during a series of enzyme controlled steps?
Citrate is gradually converted back to oxaloacetate
What does the conversion of citrate into oxaloacetate result in the generation of?
The generation of ATP and release of CO2
What do you dehydrogenase enzymes do?
Remove hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) and pass them to the call enzyme NAD to form NADH
What do you dehydrogenase enzymes remove?
Hydrogen ions and electrons in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH?
They are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
What does the energy produced in the electron transport chain allow for?
Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens when hydrogen and electrons flow back through the protein ATP synthase?
The production of ATP
What do the hydrogen ions and electrons combined with oxygen produce?
Water
What is phosphorylation of molecules?
An enzyme catalysed reaction that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule
What is required for a phosphorylation of glucose and other intermediate?
ATP
Where does fermentation take place in the absence of oxygen?
In the cytoplasm
What is pyruvate fermented into in the absence of oxygen?
To either lactate (animal cells) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (plant cells)
