Topic 2 - Development Dynamics Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is development?
The economical, social, and political growth of a country
What is GDP (Gross domestic product)?
Total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.
Measurement of wealth.
As a country develops it gets higher.
What is GNI (Gross nation income) and GNI per capita?
Total value of goods and services produced by a country produced, including income overseas. GNI per capita is GNI divided by the population.
Measurement of wealth.
As a country develops it gets higher.
What is GDP per capita?
The GDP divided by the population of a country.
What is birth rate?
Number of live babies born per thousand of population each year
Measure of womens rights.
As a country develops it gets lower
What is death rate?
Number of deaths per thousand of population per year
Measure of health
As a country develops it gets lower
What is fertility rate?
Average number if births per woman.
A measure of womens rights.
As a country develops it gets lower.
What is infant mortality?
Number of babies who die under 1 years old per thousand babies born.
Measure of health care.
As a country develops it gets lower.
What is maternal mortality rate?
The number of women who die due to pregnancy related problems per 100,000 live births.
Measurement of health care
As a country develops it gets lower
What is doctors per 1000 of population?
Number of working doctors per 1000 of the population.
Measurement of access to health care.
As a country develops it gets higher
What is the gini coefficient?
A measurement of economic inequality. Countries are given a score between 0 (equal) and 1(inequality).
Measurement of inequality.
As a country develops it gets lower.
What is the gender inequality index?
A number calculated using data on eg womens education, access to jobs, political rights. Higher the score the more inequality.
A measurement of womens rights.
As a country develops it gets lower.
What is HDI (Human development index)?
A number calculated using life expectancy, education level and income per head. Every country has a HDI value between 0(least developed) and 1(most developed)
Measurement of lots of things.
As a country develops it gets higher.
What is corruption perceptions index (CPI)?
Measurement of level of corruption believed to exist in the public sector on a scale of 1-100. Lower the score, the more corruption.
A measurement of corruption.
As a country develops, it gets higher.
What sort of HDI would you expect developed countries (eg UK) to have?
Very high
What sort of HDI would you expect emerging countries (eg india) to have?
Medium to high
What sort of HDI would you expect developing countries (eg Chad) to have?
Low
How does a country’s level of development affect developing countries?
Higher fertility and birth rate due to no use of contraception.
People have lots of children because poor health care means many infants die.
Death rate high due to poor health cate.
Life expectancy low.
Means lots more children than older people - population pyramids for developing countries have wide base, then rapidly narrows.
How does a country’s level of development affect emerging countries?
Fertility rates fall rapidly as women have a more equal place in society and better education.
Use of contraception increases and more women work instead of having children.
More people of working age and lower proportion of children. Base of pyramid starts to narrow and top starts to widen.
How does a country’s level of development affect developed countries?
Fertility rates are low as people want possessions and high quality of life, and may have dependant elderly relatives so less money available for children.
Health care is good, so death rate is low and life expectancy is high.
Lots more older people and proportion of children decreases.
Top of pyramid widens, bottom narrows and middle buldges out.
What are factors that can affect how developed a country is?
Climate Topography(shape of land) Education Health Colonialism Neo-colonialism Economic and political
How does climate affect a countrys development?
A poor climate could limit amounts of food produced.
Fewer crops to sell so less money to spend on goods and services.
Reduces their quality of life
How can topography(shape of land) affect development?
If land is steep, it wont produce alot of food. This then leads on to same affect as climate.
Steep land can also make it difficult to develop infrastructure, eg roads power lines. This can limit trade and make it hard to provide services.
How can education affect development?
Educating people produces more skilled workforce meaning a country can provide more goods and services. Brings more money for country through trade and investment.
Educated people earn more so pay more tax.
