topic 2: families of carbon compounds Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are hydrocarbons
only h and c
name the 4 kinds of hydrocarbons
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
aromatics
what is an alkane
only single bonds between c atoms
what is an alkene
at least one carbon double bond
what is an alkyne
at least one carbon triple bond
what is an aromatic
special type of ring
*benzene
what are saturated compounds + name them
contain max number of h a c atom can possess
alkanes (single bonds)
what are unsaturated compounds + name them
contain fewer than max number of h a c atom can possess
alkenes, alkynes & aromatic hydrocarbons (multiple bonds)
what is the R symbol
represents any carbon with groups of atoms - placeholder
what is R equation for alkane
R-H
what is R equation for alkyl halide
R-X
X=halogen
what is R equation for alcohols
R-OH
what is an alkyl halide
halogen (group 7) replaces H atom in alkane
how to classify alkyl halides
c with halogen is attached to how many other c’s (max tertiary)
what are alcohols
hydroxyl OH group attached to an sp^3 hybridized carbon
how to classify alcohols
c with hydroxyl group attached to how many other carbons (max tertiary)
what is a phenol
hydroxyl attached to a benzene ring
what is an ether
oxygen bonded to 2 R groups (can be diff)
what is an amine
replace H’s of ammonia (NH3) with r groups
how to classify amines
how many R groups is the N attached to (max tertiary)
what is a carbonyl group
carbon atom with double bond to oxygen
what is an aldehyde
carbonyl bonded to 1 H and 1 C
what is an exception for aldehydes
formaldehyde - cabonyl bonded to 2 H’s
what is a ketone
carbonyl bonded to 2 C’s
