Topic 2: Macromolecules Flashcards
What does cholesterol help maintain?
cell membrane fluidity and is found in ALL of our cells
Properties of the Hydroxyl functional group?
—OH
-polar due to electronegative oxygen
-forms hydrogen binds with water, helping dissolve compounds like sugar
COMPOUND NAME: alcohol
-chemically reactive
-hydrophilic
Properties of Thiols functional group?
organosulfur compound that contains a carbon bonded sulfhydryl (c–SH)
Properties of the Carbonyl Functional group?
=C=0
-chemically reactive
-hydrophilic
-if CO bond is added to middle: ketose
-if CO bond is at end: aldose
compound name: ketone aldehyde
Properties of the Carboxyl Functional group?
-COOH
-acts as an acid (can donate H+)
-polar
-chemically reactive
-hydrophilic
compound name: carboxylic acid/ organic acid
Properties of the Amino Functional group?
-NH2
-acts as a base (can receive H+)
-chemically reactive
-hydrophilic
compound name: amine
Properties of Sulfhydryl function group?
-SH
-two SH groups can reacting– forms crosslink that helps stabilize protein structure
-chemically reactive
-hydrophobic
compound name: thiol
Properties of Phosphate functional group?
-OPO3^2-
-contributes negative charge— ability to react with water—releasing energy
-major role in energy transfer
-chemically reactive
-hydrophilic
compound name: organic phosphate
What is the Methyl functional group?
-CH3
-affects expression of genes
-chemically unreactive
-hydrophobic
compound name: Methylated compound
What are monomers?
long molecules, consisting of similar or identical building blocks
- carbohydrates (simple sugars)
- proteins (amino acids)
- fats and phospholipids (glycerol, fatty acids)
- nucleic acids (nucleotides)
What is polymerization?
the creation of polymers is similar regardless of macromolecule
-facilitated by enzymes, that speed up reactions
What are dehydration reactions?
covalently bonding two monomers together, losing water in the process (synthesizing a polymer)
-one molecule adds an H one adds a hydroxyl (OH) group.. together they form water molecule, which gets removed, forming a new bond
What is hydrolysis?
reactions dissemble polymers into monomers
-bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule
What are the two main monosaccharide sugars?
ALDOSE
KETOSE
What are disaccharides?
two linked monosaccharides
-formed by glycosidic linkages, which are catalyzed by enzymes during a dehydration reaction
