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AQA GCSE Biology > Topic 2 - Organisation > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells with the same structure and function

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2
Q

What substance does amylase break down and what are they broken down into?

A

Starch into glucose

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3
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Mouth and small intestine

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4
Q

Where is amylase made?

A

Pancreas, small intestine lining, salivary glands

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5
Q

What substance does protease break down and what substance does it become

A

Protein into amino acids

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6
Q

Where is protease made?

A

Stomach, pancreas, lining of the small intestine

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7
Q

Where is protease found?

A

Stomach and small intestine

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8
Q

What substance does lipase break down and what is it broken down into?

A

Fats into fatty acids and glycerol

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9
Q

Where is lipase made?

A

Pancreas and lining of the small intestine

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10
Q

Where is lipase found?

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

What are the functions of bile?

A

Neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsifies fat

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12
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder

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13
Q

How can enzymes be denatured?

A

pH or temperature

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14
Q

What is the region of the enzyme which binds to its substrate?

A

Active site

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15
Q

All enzymes have an ……. pH and temperature

A

Optimum

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16
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

Use iodine

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17
Q

What colour is iodine?

A

Orange

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18
Q

What colour will iodine turn if starch is present?

A

Blue/black

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19
Q

How do you test for protein?

A

Use biuret

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20
Q

What colour is biuret?

A

Blue

21
Q

What colour will biuret turn if protein is present?

A

Purple

22
Q

How do you test for glucose?

A

Use Benedict’s solution and place in a hot water bath

23
Q

What colour is Benedict’s solution?

A

Blue

24
Q

What colour will Benedict’s solution turn if glucose is present?

A

Green/yellow - brick red

25
Q

How do you test for fats?

A

Use ethanol and then add water

26
Q

What colour is ethanol?

A

Colourless

27
Q

What colour will Ethanol turn if fats are present?

A

You will see white emulsion/cloudy white layer

28
Q

How can you eat upside down?

A

Peristalsis

29
Q

Why is there hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

To kill pathogens/because protease has an acidic optimum pH

30
Q

What does a double circulatory system mean?

A

The blood will enter the heart twice in one full circuit of the body

31
Q

How are lungs adapted for gas exchange?

A

Moist walls
Permeable walls
Good blood supply
Large surface area

32
Q

As you look at an image of a human heart, moving left to right, what are the names of the veins and the arteries which connect directly with the heart?

A

Vena cava, pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary vein

33
Q

When the blood has left the muscles, which vein and section of the heart does it feed into?

A

Vena Cava and the Right Atrium

34
Q

Why does the heart have valves?

A

To prevent the backward flow of blood

35
Q

What is the name of the tube that feeds into the lungs?

A

Trachea

36
Q

When the trachea reaches the lungs, what does it branch into?

A

Bronchi

37
Q

Where is the pacemaker located?

A

The right atrium

38
Q

What does the plasma transport?

A

Nutrients, hormones and proteins

39
Q

What blood does the artery transport?

A

Oxygenated blood

40
Q

What is CHD?

A

Coronary Heart Disease - When your coronary blood vessel’s lumen becomes too small because of the build up of cholesterol fats

41
Q

What can CHD lead to?

A

A heart attack

42
Q

What is the major way that CHD can be treated?

A

Stents can be used

43
Q

How does a stent work?

A

It is wire mesh inserted into an artery and expanded using a balloon to increase blood flow

44
Q

What are other ways that CHD can be treated?

A

Blood thinning medicines, statins, beta blockers, surgery

45
Q

What are statins?

A

Tablets which reduce blood cholesterol levels

46
Q

What is cancer?

A

Changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division

47
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The movement of water through a plant from roots to leaves to air

48
Q

What factors affect transpiration?

A 
Wind
   - Speeds it up
Humidity
   - Slows it down
Temperature
   - Speeds it up
Number of stomata
   - Speeds it up
Light intensity
49
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of sugar through a plant in the phloem from the leaves where it is made to the growing points. This process requires energy

AQA GCSE Biology (5 decks)

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