Topic 2 - Organisation

Question 1

Put these in order from larger to smaller: tissue, organ, cell, organism, organ system

Answer 1

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

Question 2

What is an organism?

Answer 2

A group of organ systems working together.

Question 3

What is a tissue?

Answer 3

A group of similar cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 4

What is digestion?

Answer 4

Digestion is when large insoluble molecules are broken down into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood stream.

Question 5

What is bile for?

Answer 5

it emulsifies fat to form small droplets, and neutralises stomach acid.

Question 6

Where is bile made and then stored?

Answer 6

1. the liver
2. then the gall bladder

Question 7

Where does the right ventricle pump blood?

Answer 7

It pumps blood to the lungs

Question 8

Where does the left ventricle pump blood?

Answer 8

It pumps blood around the body.

Question 9

What do the coronary arteries do?

Answer 9

Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Question 10

Where is the pacemaker?

Answer 10

In the right atrium.

Question 11

What are the properties of arteries?

Answer 11

1. Carry blood away from heart
2. Thick muscular tissue for walls.
3. Small lumen
4. Carry blood under high pressure

Question 12

What are the properties of veins?

Answer 12

1. Carry blood to the heart
2. Thin walls
3. Large lumen
4. Carry blood under low pressure
5. Have valves

Question 13

What are the properties of capillaries?

Answer 13

1. Connects arteries and veins
2. Once cell thick
3. Carry blood under very low pressure

Question 14

What is blood made up of?

Answer 14

1. Plasma 55%
2. Red blood cells 45%
3. White blood cells<1%
4. Platelets<1%

Question 15

What is plasma, and what does it transport?

Answer 15

1. It is a pale yellow fluid part of the blood
2. Carries CO2, water, hormones and waste.

Question 16

What adaptations do red blood cells have?

Answer 16

1. Have no nucleus
2. Have heamoglobin to carry O2
3. Have alarge surface area to volume ration for faster diffusion.

Question 17

Do white blood cells have a nucleus?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

What are platelets?

Answer 18

Platelets are tiny fragments of cells, which clump together to from blood clots.

Question 19

What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Answer 19

1. Smoking and high blood pressure
2. High cholesterol
3. Not enough excercise

Question 20

What causes Coronary heart disease?

Answer 20

Layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing the blood flow. Meaning a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of faulty heart valves?

Answer 21

1. short of breath
2. Swelling in ankles and feet
3. Unusually tired

Question 22

What is the Meristem?

Answer 22

The meristem is found at the tips of roots and shoots and is where cell differentiation occurs.

Question 23

What is transpiration?

Answer 23

When a xylem tissue transports water and mineral ions from roots to the stems and leaves, and eventually evaporated out the plant

Question 24

What is translocation?

Answer 24

When phloem tissue transports dissolved sugard from the leaves to the rest of the plant for use or storage.

Question 25

What is xylem made out of?

Answer 25

Hollow tubes, strengthened with lignin.

Question 26

What are phloems made of?

Answer 26

Composed of elongated cells, with pores in the end walls.

Question 27

What is the difference in flow, between xylem and phloem?

Answer 27

1. Xylem only allows flow in one direction 2. Phloem allows flow in both directions;

Question 28

What does amylase break down?

Answer 28

Starch --> maltose

Question 29

How can we investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Answer 29

1. Put drop of iodine into every well of a spotting tile 2. place beaker of water on top of the tripod and gauze, over a bunsen burner, and heat until 35C 3. Add 1cm^3 of amylase solution and 1cm^3 of buffer solution with pH5 to boiling tube 4. Place in beaker of water and wait five mins 5. Add 5cm^3 of starch solution to the boiling tube 6. Mix the contents and start the clock 7. Continuously sample by adding a drop of the sample every 30 seconds, and adding it into a well. 8. Once the iodine remains browny orange, starch is no longer present. 9. repeat for different pH solutions. 10. Record time taken for each one

Question 30

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 30

1. salivary glands 2. pancreas 3. small intestine

Question 31

Where is protease produced?

Answer 31

1. Stomach 2. Pancreas 3. Small intestine

Question 32

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 32

1. pancreas 2. small intestine

Question 33

What is the benedicts test for reducing sugars?

Answer 33

1.Add food sample to test tube 2.add benedict's solution to a test tube 3.Place test tube in water bath at 75C 4.If sugar is present, it will turn: green, yellow if low or brick red if high, from blue

Question 34

Whaty is the iodine test for starch?

Answer 34

1. Add iodine solution to a food sample, and gently shake 2. If it contains starch, it will change from browny-orange to black or blue black

Question 35

What is the Buiret test for proteins?

Answer 35

1. Add food sample to test tube 2. Add biuret solution and shake and mix 3. If it has protein, it will change from blue to purple

Question 36

What is the Sudan III test for lipids?

Answer 36

1. Add sample of food to test tube 2. Add 3 drops of Sudan II solution and gently shake 3. It should stain the lipids, so if they're present, it will separate into 2 layers, the top will be bright red 4. Else: no separate lauer will form.

Question 37

Why does bile need to neutralise stomach acid?

Answer 37

1. The HCl in the stomach is too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine 2. Bile is aklaline, so neutralises the acid and makes the conditions alkaline, which is where the enzymes work best.

Question 38

What is an organ?

Answer 38

A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function

Question 39

On Waharli

Answer 39

G