Topic 2: Organisation

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

First footnote

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Second footnote

Question 3

Organ system

Answer 3

A group of different organs working together to perform a specific function.

Third footnote

Question 4

Organism

Answer 4

A single living thing. Can be multicellular or single celled.

Fourth footnote

Question 5

Digestion

Answer 5

The process of breaking down large insoluble food into small soluble molecules.

Fifth footnote

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

A protein and biological catalyst that speeds up rate of reaction.

Sixth footnote

Question 7

Denatured

Answer 7

When the enzyme’s active site changes shape so much the substrate no longer binds and the enzyme stops working.

Seventh footnote

Question 8

Amylase

Answer 8

An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar

Eighth footnote

Question 9

Carbohydrase

Answer 9

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars

Ninth footnote

Question 10

Protease

Answer 10

An enzyme that breaks down protein into amino acids

Tenth footnote

Question 11

Lipase

Answer 11

An enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol

Eleventh footnote

Question 12

Bile

Answer 12

An alkaline liquid, made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder. Helps digest fats by neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying fats into smaller droplets

Twelfth footnote

Question 13

Benedicts solution

Answer 13

A blue solution that turns orange/brick red when heated with sugar

Thirteenth footnote

Question 14

Biurets regant

Answer 14

A blue solution that turns purple if protein is present

Fourteenth footnote

Question 15

Iodine

Answer 15

An orange solution that turns blue-black if starch is present.

Fifteenth footnote

Question 16

Ethanol

Answer 16

A clear solution that turns cloudy if fat is present.

Sixteenth footnote

Question 17

Arteries

Answer 17

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Example sentence: The arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Blood vessels that carry blood into the heart

Example sentence: The veins return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Question 19

Capillaries

Answer 19

Tiny blood vessels that link arteries and veins, and allow substances to diffuse in and out of the blood, into cells.

Question 20

Atrium (plural atria)

Answer 20

The top chambers of the heart

Question 21

Ventricle

Answer 21

The bottom chambers of the heart

Question 22

Valve

Answer 22

A structure which prevents backflow of blood in the heart and veins.

Question 23

Coronary heart disease

Answer 23

When the coronary artery (supplying blood to the heart) gets narrowed by fatty deposits, so less blood can flow to the heart. Less oxygen and glucose is delivered so the heart cannot respire, leading to heart attacks.

Question 24

Stent

Answer 24

A metal mesh tube placed in an artery to hold it open.

Question 25

Statins

Answer 25

A drug that reduces cholesterol and slows the build-up of fatty deposits in arteries.

Question 26

Artificial pacemaker

Answer 26

An electrical device used to correct irregular heartbeats.

Question 27

Health

Answer 27

The state of physical and mental wellbeing.

Question 28

Non communicable disease

Answer 28

A disease that cannot be passed from one person to another, not caused by pathogens.

Question 29

Cancer

Answer 29

A disease caused by mutations in DNA that leads to uncontrolled cell division.

Question 30

Malignant

Answer 30

A tumour which can spread to different parts of the body via the blood and form a secondary tumour

Question 31

Benign

Answer 31

A growth of cells contained in one area.