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AQA GCSE Biology > Topic 2 Organisation - Definitions > Flashcards

Topic 2 Organisation - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Amylase

A

​An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars.

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2
Q

Aorta

A

​The main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

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3
Q

Artery

A

​A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart. Benign tumour

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4
Q

Benign tumour

A

​An abnormal cell growth that is contained within one area and does not invade other areas of the body.

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5
Q

Bile

A

​A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder which is used to neutralise stomach acid in the intestine and emulsify fats.

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6
Q

Blood

A

​A tissue containing red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Cancer

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7
Q

Cancer

A

​A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.

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8
Q

Capillary

A

​A very thin blood vessel that is used for exchange of substances.

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9
Q

Cell

A

​The basic building block of all living organisms.

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10
Q

Communicable disease

A

​A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.

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11
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

​A disease caused by the buildup of fatty deposits inside the coronary artery, narrowing it and reducing blood flow to the heart tissue.

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12
Q

Enzymes

A

​Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions in living organisms. Health

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13
Q

Health

A

​The state of physical and mental wellbeing.

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14
Q

Heart

A

​An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.

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15
Q

Lipase

A

​An enzyme that is produced in the pancreas that breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol.

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16
Q

Lock and key hypothesis

A

​A theory that describes how substrates must be the correct shape to fit the active site of an enzyme.

17
Q

Malignant tumour

A

​A cancerous cell growth that invades neighbouring tissues and can spread to different parts of the body in the blood.

18
Q

Meristem tissue

A

​Plant tissues containing undifferentiated stem cells.

19
Q

Metabolism

A

​All of the chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

20
Q

Non-communicable disease

A

​A disease which cannot be spread between individuals.

21
Q

Organ systems

A

​Groups of organs that work together to form organisms

22
Q

Organs

A

​Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions.

23
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

​A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised to carry out photosynthesis.

24
Q

Phloem

A

​A transport tissue found in plants which is specialised to transport sugars from source to sink.

25
Q

Protease

A

​ An enzyme produced in the stomach and pancreas that breaks proteins down into amino acids.

26
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

​The main artery that takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

27
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

​The main vein that takes oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.

28
Q

Rate of reaction

A

​The speed at which reactants are converted into products.

29
Q

Risk factor

A

​Something that increases a person’s risk of developing a disease.

30
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

​A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised for gas exchange.

31
Q

Statins

A

​A class of drugs that are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.

32
Q

Stent

A

​A tube that can be surgically implanted into blood vessels to keep them ope

33
Q

Tissue

A

​A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

34
Q

Translocation

A

​The movement of food molecules through the phloem tissue.

35
Q

Transpiration

A

​The process of water evaporating from a plant.

36
Q

Vein

A

​A blood vessel that carries blood at a low pressure back to the heart.

37
Q

Vena cava

A

​The main vein that takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body.

38
Q

Xylem

A

​A transport tissue in plants which is specialised to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the leaves

AQA GCSE Biology (4 decks)

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