Topic 2 - Rise of Nazis Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
What position was Hitler in the army
A
-The rank of corporal
2
Q
What did Hitlers officer think about him
A
Didn’t have leadership quakities
3
Q
What job was Hitler given after recovering from a gas attack
A
A job to spy on a new political party - the German’s Worker Party
4
Q
Who was the DAP initially run by and how many members did it have
A
23 members and was run by Anton Drexler
5
Q
When did Hitler join the NSDAPN
A
19th September 1919
6
Q
What were the DAP initially against
A
-The Weimar politicians and the Treaty of Versailles
-Democracy as they felt it made Germany weak
-Jewish people who they blamed for the economic problem
7
Q
What was Hitlers position in the DAP by 1920
A
Head of propaganda
8
Q
What did Hitler produce working with Drexler
A
The party’s Twenty-Five point programme
9
Q
How did Hitler practice his presentation skills to attract the publics support
A
-Building up tension with his voice and his hand and body gestures
10
Q
Between November 1919-20 how many party meeting was Hitler the star speaker at
A
31/46
11
Q
By the end of 1920 how many people had joined the DAP
A
3,000 mainly due to Hitler’s influence
12
Q
Who ran it and how did introducing a permanent party office in Munich help the DAP
A
-Increased money and membership
-Rudolph Schussler (friend of Hitlers)
13
Q
Why did Hitler change the DAPs name and what did he change it to
A
-NSDAP
-Highlights the nationalist and socialist aims of the party making it more appealing to more people
14
Q
What symbol and gesture did the NSDAP adopt
A
-Swastika
-Straight arm salute
15
Q
What was the newspaper called that Hitler introduced for the NSDAP
A
-The Volkischer Beobachter
16
Q
When and how did Hitler become leader of the NSDAP
A
-He won a leadership contest against Drexler in July 1921
17
Q
Who did Hitler immediately appoint as his deputy after becoming leader of the NSDAP
A
Rudolf Hess who was a wealthy academic
18
Q
After becoming leader of the NSDAP who were the 4 people Hitler chose to help him run the party
A
-Hess became his deputy
-Herman Goering was a wealthy WW1 fighter pilot
-Julius Streiher who had set up another Nazi newspaper - Die Sturmer
-Ernst Rohm who was a former army officer popular with ex soldiers
19
Q
What was the name of the WW1 war hero Hitler gained support from after becoming leader of the NSDAP
A
General Ludendorff
20
Q
When were the stormtroopers formed
A
August 1921
21
Q
What were the stormtroopers
A
Acted like a private army for the Nazis. They wore brown uniforms.
22
Q
What did the stormtroopers do?
A
-March through the streets
-Controlled NSDAP meeting
-Opposition to Hitler stopped by using violence
-Disrupted opposition meetings
23
Q
After being elected as leader of NSDAP who did Hitler choose to be his bodyguards and what were they called
A
Members of the SA and were known as Stosstrupp
24
Q
What were the main five ideas highlighted in Hitler’s 25 point programme for the Nazi party
A
-Destroy the Treaty of Versailles
-Gaining land
-Creating a strong government
-Anti-semitism
-Improve Germanys international power
25
When and why did German think it would be a good time to overthrow the Weimar government
-By November 1923
-Weimar was preoccupied with the economic crisis and Stresemann made an unpopular move by calling off the passive resistance in the Ruhr
26
What date and where did Hitler start the Munich Putsch
On 8th November 1923
Gustav von Kahr who was the leader of the Bavarian gov was having a meeting at a beer hall which Hitler hijacked
27
How many SA did Hitler bring to the Munich Putsch
600
28
Who was Hitler joined by at the Munich Putsch
War hero General Ludendorff
29
How did Hitler gain Kahr’s support in the Munich Putsch (temporarily)
Bought him and two other ministers into a side room and tried to convince them to join the revolution by promising them jobs after they succeed
Kahr argued back but eventually agreed with the two other officers after being held at gunpoint
30
After Kahr was released during the Munich Putsch what did he immediately do
He used the radio to distance himself from Hitler
31
What did the Nazis do on the second day of the Munich Putsch
Took over official buildings but couldn’t take over the local army barracks as they stayed loyal to the Weimar
32
Why did the Munich Outsch have no chance of succeeding
No support from the Reichswehr
33
How many supporters did Ludendorff and Hitler march into the centre of Munich with
3000
34
How many rifles did the Nazis have with them during the Munich Putsch
-2000
35
Why did the Munich Putsch end up failing
-They were no match for the well armed police police
36
How many people died due to the Munich Putsch
14 Nazi and policemen were killed
37
How did Hitler miscalculate the German peoples mood for the Munich Putsch
They didn’t come out on the streets to support the Nazis as they didn’t want any more political upheaval in their lives
38
What was the book Hitler wrote in prison called
Mein Kampf
39
What did Hitler say about totalitarianism in his book Mein Kampf
Germany should throw off democracy as it made the country weak and instead putting power in hand of the state -preferably one leader
40
What did Hitler say about traditional values in his book Mein Kampf
Strong family values including clear female and male role.
A strong work ethic, Christian morality and an old-style of Germany art,music and theatre
41
What did Hitler say about socialism in his book Mein Kampf
Using wealth of industry and land to benefit German working people and not wealthy landowners and industrialists
42
What did Hitler say about Nationalism in his book Mein Kampf
Reviving the power of Germany was needed. (E.g. getting rid of ToV)
Stressing the need for Lebensraum (living space) for the German people to move into
43
What did Hitler say about race in his book Mein Kampf
-Believed the German race (Aryan) was destined to rule the world
-There was a Jewish conspiracy to undermine the rule by intermarriage
44
When was Hitler freed from prison
December 1924
45
When was the Nazi party ban lifted
February 1925
46
What was Hitler youth and how many members did it have by 1930
-A youth group for supporting Hitler for ages between 14-18
-25,000 members by 1930
47
What was a Gau
A branch of the Nazi party stationed around Germany
48
How many Gaus did Hitler set up
35 across the country
49
What was the name of the person in charge of each Gau
Gauleiter
50
What is Führerprinzip
The idea of a party having only one leader who is in charge of all principles - this is nonnegotiable
51
What companies (examples) provided funds for the Nazis and what were they used for
-Used to fund the Gaus
-Companies ; thyssenkrupp chemicals and bosch
52
What did Hitler set up in 1925 and what role were they given
the SS (blackshirts) who were made up of only elite aryans and acted as Hitlers bodyguards
53
What happened to the SA after Hitler got out of prison
To seem more professional the SA were encouraged to behave and Röhm was removed as the leader
54
What happened at the Bamberg Conference of 1926
-Disagreements between different Gaus
-E.g. Goebbels wanted a more socialist focus whereas others wanted more a nationalist one
-Hitler talked about Fuhrerprinzip and policies are non negative
55
What did Hitler do to the most argumentative people at the Bamberg conference
Gave them better roles in the party (e,g, Goebbels was given the Berlin Gau)
56
What was point 17 of Hitlers 25 points
-Helps all non-Jewish farmers as it states land would only be taken from Jewish farmers
57
How much did Nazi membership increase by 1928
100,000
58
How many seats did the Nazis get in the 1928 election in the Reichstag
2% of the votes (12)
59
How did the Wall Street Crash create a global crisis
-The crash had a massive impact on countries around the world and people lose confidence in investing in business and there is a decline in world trade. Therefore other countries stop buying German goods
60
How did the Wall Street Crash create a banking crisis
American and German investors lost money when the stock market crashed so they recalled loans they had made to industries to pay their account holders
61
How did the Wall Street Crash create an industrial crisis
As foreign countries stopped buying German goods and loans had to be returned to banks industries had to cut back production or close completely
62
How did the Wall Street Crash create an unemployment problem
Workers are laid off as companies can’t make enough money to survive.
-1.3 million people were unemployed in September 1929
-6.2 million were unemployed in January 1933
63
Three statistics to do with unemployment rate after the Wall street crash
-40% factory workers
-50% of 16-30 year olds
-60% of graduates
64
How did the Wall Street Crash create a further industrial crisis
As the number of unemployment increased less people had money to spend and those working had their wages reduced. People buying less meant industries lost more money
65
How were theGerman people affected by the Great Depression
-Savings were lost
-Homelessness increased as people couldn’t afford rent and had to live in shanty towns or in forests outside of Berlin
-Theft increased by 24% in Berlin
66
When was the Wall Street Cradh
October 1929
67
How do the Weimar respond to the great depression at first
They don’t - they do not have a clue
68
When and who appoints Heinrich Brüning as chancellor
-March 1930 he is appointed by Hindenburg
69
Why was 1930 known as the death of democracy in Germany
Brüning used article 48 a lot more to pass decrees
-For example, the number of decrees passed using article 48 increased from 5 in 1930 to 66 in 1932
-Reichstag passed laws decreased from 98 in 1930 to 5 in 1932
70
How many seats did Nazis win in the 1930 election
107 seats
71
What unpopular laws did Brüning pass
-Decreases unemployment benefit
-Decreases wages of government employees
-Reduces pensions
-Increase taxes
72
When does Brüning resign
May 1932
73
How do the Communist Party benefit from the Wall Street Crash
-Communist support increases as workers turn for them to support
-They have a new leader after spartacists and turned to peaceful politics
-They are the largest communist party in Europe
-77 votes in the 1930 elections
74
How were banks affected by the Wall Street Crash (two ways)
-Banks were major investors in shares and suffered huge losses
-The banks lost so much money people were worried they would not get it back so they rushed to get their money back and some banks ran out of the cash
75
How did the Wall Street crash affect farmers
Prices had been falling since 1925 and in the 1930s farmers slipped further into debt so they either sold their land or struggled in poverty.
76
How were the middle class affected by the Wall Street Crash
-Affected the most as they lost savings, businesses and their homes
77
When did the Nazi party become the biggest party in Europe
July 1932
78
How did the Nazis take advantage of the economic and political environment post Wall street crash
-Posters, rallies and banners were seen all across the country
-They had over 100 daily and weekly newspapers to make sure their message was seen
-Radio was also important
79
How did Goebbels help with propaganda post Wall Street Crash
He managed most of it and made sure Hitler was always portrayed in a positive and charismatic way
80
How did elections help the nazis post wall street crash
It could increase popularity by increasing national awareness helping to improve their Nazis electoral success.
81
What did the Nazis post wall street crash policies help them with
-As they were clear in what they wanted : blaming the countries problems on the Nov criminals and Jews it gave the German people someone to balme
82
What happened in the 1930 election
Nazis increased their seats from 12 in the Reichstag to 107 and they were the second biggest party behind the SDP. However, no party won a majority and therefore the Chancellor Brüning still needed to work with other and rely on President Hindenburg and Article 48.
83
What did Hitler do after he gained confidence from the 1930 election
He ran against Hindenburg for president
84
How did Hitler try to gain presidency
Lots of propaganda like mass rallies and newspapers and new technologies were used
For example Hitler managed to speak in 5 cities in 1 day by flying to them and messages were published on radio broadcasts, records and even on films in comparison to Hindenburg who didn’t composing
85
What happened at the end of the presidential election
Hitler lost but Nazi support further increased as did awareness to the party
86
How many seats did the Nazis gain in July 1932
230 seats
87
What did the SA do for the Nazi party after the presidential election
Made them look like they could lead a strong Germany and protect the country from Communism
88
How many SA were there in 1930
400,000 men
89
How many communists were in the Red Front Fighters
130,000
90
How did the Nazis fund the presidential election
Financial support from big businesses like Thyssen, Krupp and Bosch as they supported the Nazis anti-communist message
91
How many copies of the Nazis economic programmes were printed for the 1932 election
600,000
92
What connection did the Nazis develop in the 1932 election
the DNVP -another right wing party which owned by a newspaper tycoon called Alfred Hugenberg he allowed the nazis to publish anti gov articles in all of his newspapers
93
Why was the Nazi message popular with the middle class and farmers
As they feared they’d lose their homes and businesses to the communists so it encouraged young people to join,
43% of all new members were between 18-30
94
How did the Nazis message also focus on women
They had traditional views on traditional, so some began to see this as an attractive as they disagreed with the new controversial young women breaking stereotypes
95
How did Nazis try to advocate to the working class
“Arbeit und Brot” translates as work and bread and that’s what they promised to provide the workers, however they were more likely to vote for the communists
96
How much did the SA grow between 1930 and 1933
400,000 to over 2 million
97
Who was President Hindenburg as a main character
A rightwing conservative politician was seen as a war hero and started the dolchstoss theory. He didn’t support democracy and disliked Hitler.
98
Who was Franz von Papen
a rich catholic politician who joined the catholic centre party
99
Who was Kurt von Schleichrr
General during WW1, Hindenburg’s key advisor and replaced von Papen as chancellor
100
Context of November 1932
Economic depression beginning to come to an end. Unemployment started to fall but still stood at 5 million and Nazi votes slightly fell
101
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (1) what happened on March 1932 and number of votes for each party
Hindenburg stands for re-election but no conclusive result. Bitter campaign resulting in violence.
-Communists - 5 million
-Nazis - 11 million
-Hindenburg - 18 million
102
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (2) what happened April 1932 and number of votes for each party
Another election was organised and the Nazis campaigned furiously -even rented aeroplane to deliver speeches. SA paraded around and disrupted opponents meetings. Violence continued but Hindenburg reflected and communist votes fell
-Communist - 4 million
-Nazis - 13 million
-Hindenburg - 19 million
103
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (3) what happened on 30th May 1932
Hindenburgs election brought no stability and Brüning banned SA and SS and announced plans to buy from rich landowners and house the unemployed. This resulted in uniting right wing groups, landowning classes, including Hindenburg and Brüning was forced to resign.
104
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (4) what then happened on 30th May 1932
von Schleicher who provided advice to Hindenburg suggested he appoint von Papen as chancellor as he would lead a right wing coalition, including the Nazis. Wouldn’t have majority they could rule using article 48. Hindenburg agreed and it was known as ‘Cabinet of Barons’
105
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (5) what happened in July 1932 and number of votes for each party
Another Reichstag election and like previous ones there was violence between different armed groups. 100 people died and 7000 were injured. In Hamburg 19 died. The Nazi votes increased from 18% to 38% and they are now the largest party in the reichstag. H demands von Papen is sacked and he becomes chancellor.
106
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (6) what happened on November 1932
Hindenburg refuses Hitlers demands as he sees him as jumped up corporal. von Papen struggled on to November calling another election where he hoped the Nazis would lose enough votes to no longer be largest party. Number of Nazi seats dropped to 196 but remained largest party. Hindenburg reluctantly sacked von Papen.
107
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (7) what happened on 2nd December 1932
Hindenburg believed Nazi power was on decline so made von Schleicher the chancellor despite having no political support
108
Timeline of H becoming chancellor : (8) what happened on 30th January 1933
Without support von Schelicher struggled and asked Hindenburg to suspend constitution and create a military dictatorship but he refuses. Rumours of military coup were rife and it was believed that if a new gov was not formed Schleicher and an army would take control. von Papen believed Hitler should be made chancellor with him as vice, so he could be controlled
