Topic 2 - Sleep

Question 1

What is a stream of consciousness?

Answer 1

a person’s thoughts and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow. The term was introduced by William James in his Principles of Psychology

Question 2

What does it mean when our conscious experience is CONTINUOUS?

Answer 2

• never empty, our thoughts flow from one thought to the next

Question 3

What does it mean when our conscious experience is EVER-CHANGING?

Answer 3

• constantly changes as we become aware of new information

Question 4

What does it mean when our conscious experience is PERSONAL?

Answer 4

• relies on our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions

Question 5

What does it mean when our conscious experience is SELECTIVE?

Answer 5

• we choose to focus on some things and ignore others

Question 6

What is normal waking consciousness (NWC) w/ eg

Answer 6

• you are awake and aware of your thoughts, feelings and perceptions both internally and from the external world.
  eg. - decision making
• problem solving
• concentrating

Question 7

What is altered state of consciousness (ASC) w/ eg

Answer 7

• distinctly different from NWC in terms of elvel of awareness and experience
  eg. - sleeping
• under influence
• meditation

Question 8

Why is sleep an altered state of consciousness?

Answer 8

• because sleep involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with interal and external stimuli

Question 9

What is sleep?

Answer 9

sleep is a regular and naturally occuring altered state of consciousness with the absence of wakefulness and by the loss of consciousness of one’s surroundings

Question 10

What is NREM?

Answer 10

non rapid eye movement

Question 11

What is a sleep episode in NREM?

Answer 11

• sleep cycle = approximately 90 mins
• full duration of time spent asleep
• made up of repeated cycles

Question 12

What are the brainwaves in NREM?

Answer 12

• beta (12-25 Hz)
• alpha (8 -12 Hz)
• theta (4 - 8 Hz)
• delta (1 - 4 Hz)

Question 13

What are the two factors measured in brainwaves?

Answer 13

Amplitude
Frequency

Question 14

What is frequency?

Answer 14

number of brainwaves per second

Question 15

What is amplitude?

Answer 15

size of peaks and the thoughts

Question 16

What is stage 1 of NREM?

Answer 16

awake -> light sleep
- signified by hypnagogic state
- sleeper looses awareness of themselves
- beta/alpha waves

Question 17

What is stage 2 of NREM?

Answer 17

• relatively light sleep
• majority of time asleep in NREM 2
• alpha/theta waves

Question 18

What is stage 3 of NREM?

Answer 18

• deep stage of sleep
• sleep walking/talking likely
• theta/delta waves

Question 19

What is REM?

Answer 19

rapid eye movement

Question 20

What are the brainwaves in REM?

Answer 20

Brain waves during REM sleep appear very similar to brain waves during wakefulness

Question 21

What is an electroencephalograph? (EEG)

Answer 21

• detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of BRAIN
• visual pattern of brainwaves

Question 22

What is an electromyograph? (EMG)

Answer 22

• detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of MUSCLES
• less muscle contractions in NREM

Question 23

What is an electroculargraph? (EOG)

Answer 23

• detects, amplifies and records electrical acitvity of muscles responsible for EYE MOVEMENT

Question 24

How has sleep changed across the lifespan (amount of REM and NREM)

Answer 24

species have adapted to sleep during periods of time when wakefulness would be the most hazardous

Question 25

How much sleep do adolescents require?

Answer 25

8 - 10 hours

Question 26

How much sleep do new born babies require?

Answer 26

14 - 17 hours

Question 27

How much sleep do adults require?

Answer 27

7 - 9 hours

Question 28

What does delayed onset of sleep mean in adolscent? What hormone?

Answer 28

The results indicated that melatonin onset occurs later in adolescents, making it difficult for them to go to sleep earlier at night.

Question 29

What is partial sleep deprivation?

Answer 29

when an individual has a shorter sleep duration than the recommended amount over multiple nights

Question 30

What is total sleep deprivation?

Answer 30

the elimination of sleep for a period of time to significantly prolong wakefulness

Question 31

What are some psychological effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 31

- depressed mood - poor memory - lack of concentration

Question 32

What are some physiological effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 32

- decision making - problem solving - controlling behaviour and emotions

Question 33

How long is REM sleep?

Answer 33

The first cycle typically lasts 10 minutes, with the final cycle lasting up to 1 hour

Question 34

How many sleep cycles do we have a night?

Answer 34

A typical night's sleep consists of 4 to 5 sleep cycles

Question 35

How long are sleep cycles each night?

Answer 35

A complete sleep cycle takes roughly 90 to 110 minutes.26

Question 36

How much REM and NREM is in each cycle?

Answer 36

Sleep stages in the following order: N1, N2, N3, N2, REM.