Topic 2 The Skeleton, Joints and Movement Flashcards
*BASIC* Skeleton, Joints and Movement (51 cards)
what are the four primary tissue types in the human body?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
what is EPITHELIAL TISSUE ?
This type of tissue lines (covers and protects) all our outside and inside cavities and surfaces. Epithelia vary in number of layers and cell structure. Epithelia function as a protective barrier to foreign antigens and abrasion as well as allowing diffusion of nutrients, absorption and secretion of substances in our bodies
what is muscle tissue?
muscle tissue is a highly specialized tissue (IT IS NOT a connective tissue), they dont usually attach to bone, they assint in joint stability, create types of stress that allow your bones to grow to their full potential, reddish colour, good blood supply, unique ability to shorten and lengthen under load, When muscles ‘pull’ they act through their tendinous insertions to move two bones together, generating movement in the body’s joints and limbs.
what are the four types of connective tissue?
Bone - ligaments - tendons - cartilage
what does connective tissue do?
it is tissue that joinsone body component to another.
how does bone act as a connective tissue?
• Bone is actually one type of connective tissue (called supportive connective tissue). Other
what do ligaments do? (ligma)
join bone-to-bone, acting like a ‘hinge’ for the joint. Think of ligaments as strong wire or cables that are not very elastic. Their role is to provide joint stability. Usually they are a very whitish colour as they have a reduced blood supply
what do tendons do?
join muscle to bone. Tendons allow muscles to act upon a bone when the muscle action contracts to shorten (concentric) or lengthen (eccentric). Tendons are more ‘elastic’ than ligaments to absorb and store energy. Usually a cream colour, as they have a better blood supply than ligaments, but not as much as muscle.
what does cartilage do?
protects joint surfaces, and some types produce lubricating fluid etc.
what are the 3 classifications of connective tissue?
- Connective tissue (CT) proper (adipose and reticular tissues, ligaments and tendons)
- Supporting CT: (bone and cartilage)
• Fluid CT: (blood and bone marrow)
how many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?
206
what is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton is made up of the “core” bones of the body: Skull, spine and ribs
what is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton is made up of the ‘appendages’ that connect to the axial skeleton. It is made up of the arms and legs as well as the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and pelvic girdle
what are the major bones of the skeleton?
anatomical term slang name Clavicle Collar bone Scapula Shoulder blade Sternum Breast bone Tibia Shin bone Femur Thigh bone Patella Kneecap
what are the 6 main skull bones? (Flower POT)
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal bones
maxilla and mandible
how many of each of the 6 skull bones are there?(frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal bones)
1 frontal, 2 parietal, 1 occipital, 2 temporal, 1 maxilla, 1 mandible
what type of bones are the bones of the spine?
irregular bones
what are the 3 areas that the spine is broken down into? (from top to bottom)
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
what are the names of the top two vertabrae? (in order of top to bottom)
atlas/ C1
Axis/C2
how many cervical bones are there?
7, C1-C7
how many thoracic bones are there?
12, T1-T12
how many lumbar bones are there?
5, L1-L5
What is found at the most inferior part of the spine?
Sacrum – 5 fused vertebrae.
Coccyx – most inferior – 4 to 5 bones (slightly moveable!).
what are the 2 types of curveatures found along the spine?
lordosis (lordotic curvature)
kyphosis (kyphotic curvature)
