Topic 20 Flashcards
(28 cards)
This represents the total energy the earthquake radiates, and is calculated using information on how large an area moves, the distance that one side of the fault moves past the other, and the rigidity of the rock.
Magnitude
This are energy waves that are generated by an earthquake or explosion and propagate through the Earth’s interior and along its surface, causing ground shaking and vibration.
Seismic Waves
How is magnitude measured?
1.
2.
- Magnitude is estimated using data from multiple seismograms.
- Seismic networks detect ground motion and record it as seismograms.
DAS sensors send beams of
light down cables and detect
differences in the travel time of
reflected light when seismic
waves jostle the cables.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing
- He conceptualized magnitude.
- He developed a method to numerically report the relative sizes of earthquakes before earthquake magnitude could be measured directly.
Charles Richter
First magnitude scale, which came to be
known as the ____________, in a paper
published in ________.
Richter Scale
1935
Magnitude: Less than 2.0 Millions per year
Micro
Magnitude: 2.0-2.9 Over 1 million per year
Minor
Magnitude: 3.0-3.9 Over 100,000 per year
Minor
Magnitude: 4.0-4.9 10,000 to 15,000 per year
Light
Magnitude: 5.0-5.9 1,000 to 1,500 per year
Moderate
Magnitude: 6.0-6.9 100 to 150 per year
Strong
Magnitude: 7.0-7.9 10 to 20 per year
Major
Magnitude: 8.0-8.9 About 1 per year
Great
Magnitude: 9.0-9.9 1 per 5-50 years
Great
Magnitude 10.0 or Over
Massive
Is a measure of the size or energy by an earthquake, specifically focusing on the seismic waves that travel through the Earth’s interior, known as body waves.
Body Wave Magnitude
Tremor caused by an earthquake that is very far away from where it is recorded
- earthquakes more than 3000 km from the
recording station – and good for deep and shallow earthquakes.
Teleseism
Measure the surface waves that are generated by large regional to teleseismic earthquakes, and that travel long distances without losing much energy from absorption.
Surface wave Magnitude
A quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (or relative size), developed in the 1970s by
Japanese seismologist Hiroo Kanamori and
American seismologist Thomas C. Hanks
A quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (or relative size),
Moment Magnitude Scale
The most precise estimate of earthquake size–and the only one applicable to
great earthquakes M>8
Moment Magnitude Scale
A number that characterizes the severity of ground shaking at that location by considering the effects of the shaking on people, manmade structures, and on the
landscape.
It is generally higher near
the epicenter.
It is represented by Roman
Numerals (e.g. II, IV, IX)
Intensity of an Earthquake
In the Philippines, the intensity of an
earthquake is determined using
the?
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)
