topic 3/4 test

Question 1

Nucleic acids

Answer 1

Nucleic acids are very large molecules called polymers

Question 2

polymers

Answer 2

made of repeating subunits called monomers

Question 3

basic building block

Answer 3

nucleotide

Question 4

parts of a nucleotide

Answer 4

phosphate group, nitrogenous base( contains nitrogen) and cyclic sugar ( ribose,RNA) (deoxyribose,DNA)

Question 5

shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 5

double helix which look like 2 spirals wound around each other

Question 6

DNA structure

Answer 6

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA contains all the genetic instructions for making proteins within the cell
each DNA molecule is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

Question 7

DNA nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)

Question 8

DNA nitrogenous base pairs

Answer 8

A-T
C-G

Question 9

how many strands does DNA have

Answer 9

2

Question 10

how many strands does RNA have

Answer 10

1

Question 11

RNA base pairs

Answer 11

uracil (U)
adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
cytosine (C)

Question 12

types of RNA

Answer 12

mRNA
TRNA
rRNA

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

messenger RNA delivers the pattern of the ribosome

Question 14

tRNA

Answer 14

transfer RNA delivers an amino acid to the growing protein

Question 15

rRNA

Answer 15

ribosomal RNA makes up the ribosome (site of protein synthesis)

Question 16

Transcription

Answer 16

mRNA is made
one segment of the DNA is code is copied using RNA nucleotides

Question 17

whats a gene

Answer 17

a stretch of DNA that codes for a particular trait

Question 18

RNA base pairs

Answer 18

C-G
A-U

Question 19

how many strands does DNA have

Answer 19

2

Question 20

how many strands does RNA have

Answer 20

1

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

messenger RNA delivers the pattern to the ribosome

Question 22

tRNA

Answer 22

transfer RNA delivers an amino acid to the growing protein r

Question 23

rRNA

Answer 23

ribosomal RNA makes up the ribosome (site of protein synthesis

Question 24

what is made in transcription

Answer 24

mRNA

Question 25

translation

Answer 25

the mRNA attaches to a ribosomes ( made of RNA and protein) and begins the process of translation translation takes the language of DNA bases and changes it to amino acids

Question 26

what is a group of 3 bases called

Answer 26

codon

Question 27

what is a codon

Answer 27

each codon provides the code for one amino acid ** we know that many amino acids make a protein and the sequence of amino acids is important

Question 28

what determines the type of protein produced

Answer 28

the sequence

Question 29

what is a anticodon

Answer 29

end that has 3 unpaired bases

Question 30

what is dna the pattern for

Answer 30

making mRNA

Question 31

what does mRna do when it leaves the nucleus

Answer 31

it attaches to a ribosome

Question 32

what does tRNA do

Answer 32

decodes the mrna message and bring amino acids to build the protein

Question 33

what does the protein do

Answer 33

detaches from the ribosome and goes off to work in the cell

Question 34

what are enzymes made of

Answer 34

proteins which are long chains of amino acid

Question 35

how does a unique shape form

Answer 35

when side chains interact with each other and the protein can combine with other folded proteins

Question 36

how is the unique shaped determonted

Answer 36

by the sequence of amino acids in the protein