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Science Gr. 7 > Topic 3-7 Structures And Forces > Flashcards

Topic 3-7 Structures And Forces Flashcards

1
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in a substance; often measured with a balance

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2
Q

Primary standard

A

The name given to a small cylinder of metal which the kilogram is based: equivalent to 1 kg

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3
Q

Kilogram

A

The primary measurement of mass in SI ,equal to 1000g; 1 kg is the primary standard for mass

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4
Q

Balance

A

Add device to measure mass many balances work by using the force of gravity

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5
Q

Forces

A

A push or Pull or anything that causes a change in the motion of an object

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6
Q

Newton

A

The standard unit of force in the system international d’ unites (SI)

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7
Q

Force meter

A

A scientific device used to measure force also called the spring scale

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8
Q

Gravitational force

A

The force extruded by gravity on an object measured in Newton the preferred scientific term for the every day term

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9
Q

Force diagram

A

A drawing that uses arrows to represent the direction and strength of one or more forces

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10
Q

Weight

A

A force of gravity exerted on a mass

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11
Q

External forces

A

Stresses that act on a structure from outside it

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12
Q

Internal forces

A

Is the force that one part of the structure exerts onto another part of the same structure

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13
Q

Deformation

A

The change to a shape or size of the structure caused by internal forces

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14
Q

Dead load

A

Something that is a permanent load on a structure

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15
Q

Live load

A

A non-permanent loan force acting on a structure like a moveable chair

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16
Q

Tension force

A

Pulling

Two forces acting in opposite directions examples tug-of-war, pulling an elastic band apart

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17
Q

Compression force

A

Squeezing
crushing a metal material by squeezing it together example eating a burger ,stress ball, walking in your shoes , kicking a soccer ball

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18
Q

Tensile strength

A

Measures

The largest tension force material cant stand before breaking

19
Q

Compressive strength

A

Measures the largest compression on a force the material can stand before losing its shape or breaking into pieces
Example
Water balloon when filled to full it breaks

20
Q

Shear force

A

Bend /tear
Bend tear a material by purse pricing different parts in opposite directions
examples wrapping paper taking a pop can tab off

21
Q

Torsion force

A

Twisting
Twisting a material by turning that ends in the opposite directions examples opening a jar of peanut butter , ring out a wet cloth

22
Q

Shear strength

A

Measure the largest force the martial can stand before ripping apart

23
Q

Torsion strength

A

Measures the largest force of the materials can stand it and still spring back into its original shape

24
Q

Bending force

A

The bending force when a ruler is bent is a combination of tension and compression forces. Why? then bottom of the ruler is coming together while the top of the ruler is spreading apart

25
Q

Lever

A 
A lever is a device that can change the amount of force needed to make an object 
Examples 
Shovel
Teeter totter 
Crow bar
26
Q

Fulcrum

A

A fulcrum is the pivot point of a lever

27
Q

3 ways a material cant fail

A

Shear
Compression and shearing one section of land may land over another sections along a weakness crack ex. Rockslide

Blend or buckle
Compression and bending compressive forces cause materials to bend ex. Squishing a pice of paper or crunching a can

Torsion
Torsion and shearing. Often materials will shear (break) when they are twisted ex. Twisting dry spaghetti and plastic cutlery

28
Q

Shear

A

Ripping paper

Tare

29
Q

Blend and or buckle

A

Carpet is compressing bending and it leaves the material deformed

The baseball compresses the glass and causes it to break

A five dollar bill gets squished in your pocket

30
Q

Torsion

A

Ur ankle twists when u sprain it

Twisting the lid back and forth causes it to break off

31
Q

3 design types

A

Distribute the load throughout the structure

Direct the forces along angled components

Shapes the parts to withstand the specific type of force they are likely to experience

32
Q

Arch

A

Keystone: located in the middle at the top of the arch acts like a wedge directs the forces along the stones and down to the ground

33
Q

Cantilever

A

A cantilever is a horizontal beam supported at one end by a very strong column which acts like a support to help carry the load on the beam
Ex. Diving board
Viewpoint in South Africa

34
Q

Brace

A

braces are added materials angled to direct forces thorough the solid part of the structure
Ex. Sawhorse

35
Q

Beams

A

Support attached to the columns that push upwards along with structure

36
Q

Friction

A

A force that resists movement between two surfaces that rub together

37
Q

Stable

A

Stable means that a structure is less likely to tip over

38
Q

Centre of gravity

A

Centre of gravity is when the point at which gravity seems to act on an object or mass. It’s important because it helps us determine how to make something stable and how it will help us with designing a structure

39
Q

Why is it important to have a firm Foundation

A

It allows the structure to have a good solid base when building. If you are adding extra weight the foundational be able to support us

40
Q

Pillings

A

Pillings are large cylinder structures that are used to carry the weight of structure to hold a solid foundation meant material

example bedrock

41
Q

Footing

A

Footings are bases for walls of the foundation of a structure. A footing is wider than the wall to spread the weight over a large area

42
Q

Gyroscope

A

Giroscope is a cylinder device with the heavy outer rim that spends at a very fast rate stabilizing the access so that the access always pointing the same direction

43
Q

Spin stabilization

A

Spend stabilization essentially means that the faster an object turns the more stable it will be

Science Gr. 7 (5 decks)

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