Topic 3-7 Structures And Forces

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

The amount of matter in a substance; often measured with a balance

Question 2

Primary standard

Answer 2

The name given to a small cylinder of metal which the kilogram is based: equivalent to 1 kg

Question 3

Kilogram

Answer 3

The primary measurement of mass in SI ,equal to 1000g; 1 kg is the primary standard for mass

Question 4

Balance

Answer 4

Add device to measure mass many balances work by using the force of gravity

Question 5

Forces

Answer 5

A push or Pull or anything that causes a change in the motion of an object

Question 6

Newton

Answer 6

The standard unit of force in the system international d’ unites (SI)

Question 7

Force meter

Answer 7

A scientific device used to measure force also called the spring scale

Question 8

Gravitational force

Answer 8

The force extruded by gravity on an object measured in Newton the preferred scientific term for the every day term

Question 9

Force diagram

Answer 9

A drawing that uses arrows to represent the direction and strength of one or more forces

Question 10

Weight

Answer 10

A force of gravity exerted on a mass

Question 11

External forces

Answer 11

Stresses that act on a structure from outside it

Question 12

Internal forces

Answer 12

Is the force that one part of the structure exerts onto another part of the same structure

Question 13

Deformation

Answer 13

The change to a shape or size of the structure caused by internal forces

Question 14

Dead load

Answer 14

Something that is a permanent load on a structure

Question 15

Live load

Answer 15

A non-permanent loan force acting on a structure like a moveable chair

Question 16

Tension force

Answer 16

Pulling

Two forces acting in opposite directions examples tug-of-war, pulling an elastic band apart

Question 17

Compression force

Answer 17

Squeezing
crushing a metal material by squeezing it together example eating a burger ,stress ball, walking in your shoes , kicking a soccer ball

Question 18

Tensile strength

Answer 18

Measures

The largest tension force material cant stand before breaking

Question 19

Compressive strength

Answer 19

Measures the largest compression on a force the material can stand before losing its shape or breaking into pieces
Example
Water balloon when filled to full it breaks

Question 20

Shear force

Answer 20

Bend /tear
Bend tear a material by purse pricing different parts in opposite directions
examples wrapping paper taking a pop can tab off

Question 21

Torsion force

Answer 21

Twisting
Twisting a material by turning that ends in the opposite directions examples opening a jar of peanut butter , ring out a wet cloth

Question 22

Shear strength

Answer 22

Measure the largest force the martial can stand before ripping apart

Question 23

Torsion strength

Answer 23

Measures the largest force of the materials can stand it and still spring back into its original shape

Question 24

Bending force

Answer 24

The bending force when a ruler is bent is a combination of tension and compression forces. Why? then bottom of the ruler is coming together while the top of the ruler is spreading apart

Question 25

Lever

Answer 25

``` A lever is a device that can change the amount of force needed to make an object Examples Shovel Teeter totter Crow bar ```

Question 26

Fulcrum

Answer 26

A fulcrum is the pivot point of a lever

Question 27

3 ways a material cant fail

Answer 27

Shear Compression and shearing one section of land may land over another sections along a weakness crack ex. Rockslide Blend or buckle Compression and bending compressive forces cause materials to bend ex. Squishing a pice of paper or crunching a can Torsion Torsion and shearing. Often materials will shear (break) when they are twisted ex. Twisting dry spaghetti and plastic cutlery

Question 28

Shear

Answer 28

Ripping paper | Tare

Question 29

Blend and or buckle

Answer 29

Carpet is compressing bending and it leaves the material deformed The baseball compresses the glass and causes it to break A five dollar bill gets squished in your pocket

Question 30

Torsion

Answer 30

Ur ankle twists when u sprain it Twisting the lid back and forth causes it to break off

Question 31

3 design types

Answer 31

Distribute the load throughout the structure Direct the forces along angled components Shapes the parts to withstand the specific type of force they are likely to experience

Question 32

Arch

Answer 32

Keystone: located in the middle at the top of the arch acts like a wedge directs the forces along the stones and down to the ground

Question 33

Cantilever

Answer 33

A cantilever is a horizontal beam supported at one end by a very strong column which acts like a support to help carry the load on the beam Ex. Diving board Viewpoint in South Africa

Question 34

Brace

Answer 34

braces are added materials angled to direct forces thorough the solid part of the structure Ex. Sawhorse

Question 35

Beams

Answer 35

Support attached to the columns that push upwards along with structure

Question 36

Friction

Answer 36

A force that resists movement between two surfaces that rub together

Question 37

Stable

Answer 37

Stable means that a structure is less likely to tip over

Question 38

Centre of gravity

Answer 38

Centre of gravity is when the point at which gravity seems to act on an object or mass. It’s important because it helps us determine how to make something stable and how it will help us with designing a structure

Question 39

Why is it important to have a firm Foundation

Answer 39

It allows the structure to have a good solid base when building. If you are adding extra weight the foundational be able to support us

Question 40

Pillings

Answer 40

Pillings are large cylinder structures that are used to carry the weight of structure to hold a solid foundation meant material example bedrock

Question 41

Footing

Answer 41

Footings are bases for walls of the foundation of a structure. A footing is wider than the wall to spread the weight over a large area

Question 42

Gyroscope

Answer 42

Giroscope is a cylinder device with the heavy outer rim that spends at a very fast rate stabilizing the access so that the access always pointing the same direction

Question 43

Spin stabilization

Answer 43

Spend stabilization essentially means that the faster an object turns the more stable it will be