Topic 3 (All) Flashcards
(24 cards)
The three domain (3)
1)Archea
2)Bacteria
3)Eukaryote
The 5 kingdoms (5)
1)Animals
2)fungi
3)protoctists
4)plants
5)prokaryotes
The classification order (7)
1)domain
2)kingdom
3)phylum
4)class
5)order
6)family
7)genus
8)species
Why did the 3 domain replaced the 5 kingdom (4)
1)Archea lack peptidoglycan in its cell wall
2)Archea has unbranched membrane lipid
3)Archea has different RNA sequence to bacteria, different start codon
4)Archea and bacteria have ribosomes that are sensitive to different antibiotics.
What is the sentence used to memorise classication order?
King Duncan’s pet cat ordered five grape (S)
What are the two types of natural selection (2)
1)Stablising
2)Disruptive
What is stablising natural selection
Selection of the most common alleles within a gene pool of a population
What is disruptive selection
Selection of the extreme (less frequent) alleles within a gene pool of a population
What are the two effects affecting size of gene pool (2)
1)Genetic bottleneck
2)Founder effect
What is genetic bottleneck
When natural disasters reduce the population which inturn reduces the number of alleles
What is founder effect
A small group deviates from its original population which results the number of alleles
What are the two types of speciation (2)
1)Allopatric
2)Sympatric
What is allopatric speciation
1)The type of speciation due to geographical barrier
2)Population becomes reproductively isolated
3)No gene flow
4)Both deveop genetic diversity
What are the processes that give rise to genetic diversity (3)
1)Random mutation (Chromosomal or point mutation)
2)meiosis Independent assortment and crossing over)
3)Reproductiom
What are the two types of mutation that occurs in genetics (2)
1)Chromosomal (failure to separate, translocation)
2)Point mutation
What are the three types of point mutation (3)
1)Base insertion
2)Base substitution
3)Base deletion
Why is it difficult to identify new species
1)Due to genetic diversity
2)Difficult to know whether this potential new species could reproduce with any existing species to produce fertile offsprings
What are the methods of validating new species (2)
1)Look into protein structure
2)DNA sequence
What are the two ex-situ conservation methods (2)
1)Zoos
2)Seed bank
Why are seeds stored instead of plants in seed bank conservation (3)
1)More space efficient
2)Inexpensive
3)Can be stored for longer
The process of storing seed (4)
1)Collect seeds from different species and different individuals to ensure genetic diversity
2)Sterile and drying
3)Store in suitable enviorment
4)Carry out germination test to assess viability
What are the conditions of seed storage (4)
1)Dark
2)dry
3)Low in O2
4)Low in temperature
What is the purpose of Zoo (4)
1)Scientific research
2)Education
3)Captive breeding
4)In-situ
What is in-situ as a conservation method
Re-introduce animals to the wild
