Topic 3: Animal Biodiversity

Question 1

How many tissue layers does Phylum Annelida have?

Answer 1

3 tissue layers (Triploblastic)
(Mesoderm is split by coelom)

Question 2

Do asymmetrical animals have cephalisation?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What is a body cavity?

Answer 3

A fluid-filled space that lies between the digestive tract and outer body wall

Question 4

What two systems evolved in order to compensate for the development of a coelom?

Answer 4

Blood system and Excretory system with nephridia

Question 5

What level of organisation does Phylum Annelida have?

Answer 5

Triploblastic organisation
- A well developed organ system

Question 6

What kind of coelom does Phylum Cnidaria have?

Answer 6

There is no coelom

Question 7

What kind of coelom does Phylum Chordata have?

Answer 7

True coelom

Question 8

What is a pseudocoelom?

Answer 8

A body cavity lined by mesoderm on one side only

Question 9

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

Answer 9

Bilateral symmetry

Question 10

In a triploblastic animal, what does the ectoderm form?

Answer 10

The cells of the ectoderm will form the skin surface

Question 11

How many tissue layers does Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

Answer 11

3 tissue layers (Triploblastic)

Question 12

What are the 2 forms of Phylum Cnidaria?

Answer 12

• Polyp (sea anemone)
• Medusa (Jellyfish)

Question 13

What characteristics are used decide what phylum an animal fits into? (4)

Answer 13

• Symmetry & Cephalisation
• Number of tissue layers at embryonic stage
• Number of gut openings
• Presence of a coelom and blood system

Question 14

Give 3 advantages of a through gut

Answer 14

• No mixing of undigested, partially digested and completely digested food (Food moves in 1 direction only)
• Specialisation of the gut so that the different regions become adapted for specific functions; leading to greater efficiency
• A though gut allows digestion to take place continuously i.e. even while ingestion/egestion is taking place

Question 15

In a triploblastic animal, what does the endoderm form?

Answer 15

The cells of the endoderm will form the lining of the gut

Question 16

What level of organisation does Phylum Arthropoda have?

Answer 16

Triploblastic organisation. It has true organ systems present.

Question 17

Give 2 examples of organs that arise from the mesoderm

Answer 17

• circulatory system
• bone
• cartilage
• muscles
• kidneys
• spleen

Question 18

What type of gut does Phylum Arthropoda have?

Answer 18

Through gut

Question 19

What is a through gut?

Answer 19

A gut with 2 openings (mouth & anus)

Question 20

List 3 functions of the a body cavity

Answer 20

• Provide space for the development of the internal organs
• To separate the gut wall from the body wall enabling them to function independently of each other
• The fluid within the body cavity acts as a hydrostatic skeleton (muscles act against it to bring about locomotion)
• The fluid cushions the internal organs; protecting them from injury

Question 21

What is a diploblastic animal?

Answer 21

An animal where the cells of the embryo organise themselves into 2 layers. Diploblastic animals cannot grow into large animals.

Question 22

In a triploblastic animal, what does the mesoderm form?

Answer 22

The cells of the mesoderm will form the muscles and the organs found between the intestines and the skin.

Question 23

List 3 classes of Phylum Chordata

Answer 23

• Fish (Jawless; Cartilaginous; Bony)
• Amphibians (Frogs and salamanders)
• Reptiles (Lizards, snakes, crocodiles, tortoise)
• Birds (chicken)
• Mammals (Se)

Question 24

What level of organisation does Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

Answer 24

Triploblastic organisation
Well developed tissues and organ systems in mesoderm (reproductive system; osmoregulatory system)

Question 25

What level of organisation does Phylum Chordata have?

Answer 25

Triploblastic organisation Comprising of well developed organ systems

Question 26

What level of organisation does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 26

Cellular level

Question 27

Do diploblastic animals have a body cavity?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What does the True coelom of Phylum Annelida do? (2)

Answer 28

- It splits the mesoderm into 2 parts in order to make space for organs - It acts as a hydrostatic skeleton

Question 29

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 29

Crab; Spider; Scorpion; Lobster; Bee

Question 30

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Arthropoda have?

Answer 30

Bilateral symmetry

Question 31

What type of gut does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 31

There is no gut. Digestion takes place inside feeding cells.

Question 32

Give examples of 4 different phyla

Answer 32

- Phylum Porifera - Phylum Arthropoda - Phylum Chordata - Phylum Annelida - Phylum Platyhelminthes - Phylum Cnidaria

Question 33

What level of organisation does Phylum Cnidaria have? (2 x 2)

Answer 33

Diploblastic organisation - Ectoderm contains sense cells and cnidocytes - Endoderm contains enzyme releasing cells, flagellate cells and digestive and muscle cells

Question 34

How many tissue layers does Phylum Cnidaria have?

Answer 34

2 layers ( Diploblastic) Ectoderm & Endoderm with jelly-like mesoglea

Question 35

What happens at the alimentary canal (gut) ?

Answer 35

Food is digested by enzymes and absorbed

Question 36

What lies between the tissue layers of an animal from Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 36

Jelly-like mesoglea

Question 37

What is the cavity inside diploblastic and triploblastic animals called?

Answer 37

Alimentary canal/ gut

Question 38

How many tissue layers does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 38

0 tissue layers

Question 39

What is the origin of each organ in Phylum Annelida? (4)

Answer 39

- Skin: ectodermal origin - Muscles: somatic mesodermal origin - Gut muscles: splanchnic mesodermal origin - Gut: endodermal origin

Question 40

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 40

Tapeworm; Flukes; Freshwater Flatworm

Question 41

What is a triploblastic animal?

Answer 41

An animal where the cells of the embryo organise themselves into 3 layers. Large animals are generally made up of triploblastic animals.

Question 42

Give the 3 main classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

Answer 42

- Turbellarians - Flukes - Tapeworms

Question 43

Which phylum has a haemocoel and what does it do?

Answer 43

Phylum Arthropoda. It contains a blood (hemolymph) that bathes the outside of organs. It serves as part of their open circulatory system, where hemolymph, the arthropod's equivalent of blood, circulates.

Question 44

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Cnidaria have?

Answer 44

Radial symmetry

Question 45

How many tissue layers does Phylum Chordata have?

Answer 45

3 (Triploblastic)

Question 46

What does it mean to be acoelomate?

Answer 46

To not possess a body cavity that is a true coelom or a pseudocoelom

Question 47

Name the 3 layers of a triploblastic animal

Answer 47

Endoderm - innermost layer Mesoderm - middle layer Ectoderm - outer layer

Question 48

List 3 classes of Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 48

- Crustacea (crabs & lobsters) - Insecta (bees, flies, ants etc.) - Arachnida (Spiders, ticks, scorpions) - Centipedes - Millipedes

Question 49

Name the 2 layers present in a diploblastic animal

Answer 49

Ectoderm - outer layer Endoderm - inner layer

Question 50

What is an animal? (3)

Answer 50

An organism that is: - Multicellular - Eukaryotic - Heterotrophic

Question 51

What type of gut does Phylum Chordata have?

Answer 51

Through gut

Question 52

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Porifera

Answer 52

Sycon; Sponges; Spongilla

Question 53

How many tissue layers does Phylum Arthropoda have?

Answer 53

3 (Triploblastic)

Question 54

What is the other name of a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 54

Evolutionary tree

Question 55

List the 3 types of body cavities

Answer 55

- True coelom - Pseudocoelom - Acoelomate

Question 56

Does Phylum Platyhelminthes have a coelom?

Answer 56

No

Question 57

Define radial symmetry

Answer 57

A radially symmetrical animal can be cut in any vertical plane through it's central axis to give it two equal mirror images

Question 58

Does Phylum Porifera have a coelom?

Answer 58

No

Question 59

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Chordata

Answer 59

Lizard; Hadeda; Human; Dog

Question 60

What kind of coelom does Phylum Arthropoda have?

Answer 60

Strictly speaking it has a haemocoel. A coelom is present but there's a very small space between muscle blocks. The haemocoel forms between embryonic ectoderm and mesoderm. It contains blood that bathes the outside of organs.

Question 61

What is a true coelom?

Answer 61

A body cavity which is completely lined by mesoderm

Question 62

What type of gut does Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

Answer 62

Blind gut

Question 63

What type of gut does Phylum Cnidaria have?

Answer 63

Blind gut

Question 64

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Annelida have?

Answer 64

Bilateral symmetry

Question 65

Define symmetry

Answer 65

The way in which similar parts of the body are arranged

Question 66

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Chordata have?

Answer 66

Bilateral symmetry

Question 67

Define asymmetrical

Answer 67

Organisms which have no symmetry (body which is a group of cells without a pattern) are asymmetrical. These animals do not have cephalisation.

Question 68

What type of gut does Phylum Annelida have?

Answer 68

Through gut

Question 69

The development of a coelom separates the body wall from the gut wall. This makes diffusion inadequate for several things. What are they? (3)

Answer 69

- The transport of gases to and from the body wall which, in animals such as earthworms, acts as a gas exchange surface - The transport of food from the gut wall to the body wall - The transport of nitrogenous waste from internal cells to the body surface

Question 70

Define bilateral symmetry

Answer 70

A bilaterally symmetrical animal can be cut through only one central longitudinal plane in order to give two mirror images

Question 71

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 71

A tree diagram that shows the relationship of different organisms though evolution

Question 72

What is a cellular level of organisation?

Answer 72

It is one where the cells do not organise themselves into tissues and each cell acts independently

Question 73

What is a blind gut?

Answer 73

A gut with 1 opening

Question 74

Give an example of a radially symmetrical animal

Answer 74

Jellyfish, sea anemones or starfish

Question 75

What does Phylum Annelida mainly consist of?

Answer 75

Segmented worms (i.e. earthworm) with each segment having similar structure

Question 76

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Annelida

Answer 76

Earthworm; Leech; Rag worm

Question 77

Give 2 disadvantages of a blind gut

Answer 77

- Ingested food mixes with digested food - One space has to carry out all the digestive functions

Question 78

Give an example of an asymmetrical animal

Answer 78

Sponge, thrips, snails or flatfish

Question 79

Define cephalisation

Answer 79

The accumulation of sense organs at the anterior end of the body

Question 80

Is Phylum Porifera symmetrical?

Answer 80

No

Question 81

Give an example of an animal from Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 81

Jellyfish; Sea anemone; Sea pens; Fire corals

Question 82

What kind of coelom does Phylum Annelida have?

Answer 82

True coelom (Splits mesoderm into 2 parts to make space for organs.) (Also acts as a hydrostatic skeleton)

Question 83

What do cells from the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm form, respectively?

Answer 83

- Endoderm = Gut lining - Mesoderm = Muscles & organs found between intestines and skin - Ectoderm = Outer skin surface