Topic 3 Archaea

Question 1

What make archaea and bacteria the same and different

Answer 1

They look alike but DNA diffieriantes them

Question 2

What domain had the first methogens ?

Answer 2

Archaea

Question 3

Are there archea humanal pathogens

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Why are archaea elite

Answer 4

Bc they love extreme inhospitable places to live

Question 5

What 3 type of extreme needs do some archaea need to grow

Answer 5

Extreme temp
Acid
Concetration

Question 6

What is archaea usual size

Answer 6

0.5 - 5 micro meters similar to bacteria

Question 7

What are the 6 shapes archaea like to have ?

Answer 7

Rods
Spherical
Spiral
Pleomorphic
Sqaures
Rectangles

Question 8

What type of chromsome and does the archaea nucleaus have a membrane bound nucleus

Answer 8

Its a circular chromosomes and no memebrane

Question 9

What type of inclusion bodies do archaea have

Answer 9

Gas vesicles fror sqaure bouyancy

Question 10

What differentiate archaeal histones ?

Answer 10

That it is in a tetramer formation histons and the dna wrapped around is 60 nucleotiide pair

Question 11

What is unique about the archael cyto skeleton

Answer 11

That homolomgs are found in other domains

Question 12

What is the the actin homolog in the cytoskeleton called

Answer 12

TA0583

Question 13

Do all yarchaea have a plasma membrane ?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Most have cell wall but not all have outer membranes

Question 15

What is the cell envelope of archaea made up of

Answer 15

Plasma membrane and cell wall sometimes out membrane

Question 16

What makes archaea’s plasma membrane special?

Answer 16

It has a unique bi layer

Question 17

What three things differentiates archael membrane than to bac and euk

Answer 17

It has a phytanal chain
Glycerol on different carbon( gylceral -1 - phosphate
Ether linkages

Question 18

What are the benefits of ether linkages ?

Answer 18

They are more stable at higher temps

Question 19

What is the bi layer membrane in archaea

Answer 19

Its it a bi phytanal chain with phosphglyceral on both ends is very stable for high temps

Question 20

What are three things that maks ignicoccus wierd

Answer 20

Its has outmembrane
Periplasm similar to gram negative
Atp sythesase im outer membrame

Question 21

What is the archael cell wall composed of ?

Answer 21

Its composed of a polysaccharide called psedomurein

Question 22

What 3 things differienates the archraea cell wall from bacteria

Answer 22

It has beta 1,3 linkages
Links NAG & NAT
AND USES JUST AMINO ACIDS

Question 23

What 2 things makes up the cell surface ?

Answer 23

S layer (same function as bacteria)
Cannule

Question 24

What is the cannulae?

Answer 24

Hollow glycoproteins tubes
When archaela cells divide from cell division they still keep contact via the tubes using it as a complex network to exchange things

Question 25

What differentiates archellum to flagellum

Answer 25

Archellum uses ATP instead of PMF and grows from base not basel body

Question 26

What is nucleasome

Answer 26

Dna and histone

Question 27

What are the 4 major phyla

Answer 27

Euryarchaeota Crenarchaeaota Thaumarchaeota Nanoarchaeota

Question 28

What are three things crenarchaeota area?

Answer 28

Thermophiles Acidophiles (acid lovimg Barophilea (high pressue) bottom of sea

Question 29

How are crenarchaeota able to survive harsh temps what are the 5 key things

Answer 29

4 lipid monolyers Modified protiens Chaperone proteins Thermostanle dna binding proteimd Reverse dna gyrase enzyme to increase dna super coiling

Question 30

What were the first recognized phyla ?

Answer 30

Cren and eukarchaeta

Question 31

What are the 4 modified proteins You need ?

Answer 31

More a helix less beta sheets More salt bridges More argenie and tyrosine as they have salt bridges Less cysteinie amd serine

Question 32

What do the chaperone proteins do ?

Answer 32

They keep the protein folded

Question 33

What does the dna binding proteins do ?

Answer 33

They key the dna from denaturing

Question 34

What is the reverse dna gyrase enzyme

Answer 34

Its is a toperisomerases that increases dna supercoiling

Question 35

What do euryachaeota halophiles love and how much concentration do they need to live ?

Answer 35

They love salt and need greater than 1.5 M to live

Question 36

How does halophiles avoid osmotic bullshit

Answer 36

By pumping K inside the cell to match the NA outside

Question 37

What is negative about pumping K inside ?

Answer 37

K can denature protein and DNA

Question 38

What dies halophiles do to not have there protein and dna denature

Answer 38

They get high contents of GUANINE AND CYTSOSINE to stop dna denature And they get high acideic proteins which remaind stable in high salt

Question 39

What colour is halobscterium?

Answer 39

Its red

Question 40

Halobacterium is phototrophic without chrolopylls and electric transport chain

Question 41

How does halobacterium make energy

Answer 41

Capture light and bacteriorlhidosin pump proteins through memebrane and it becomes PMF which give energy atp

Question 42

What can halobacterium adapt to

Answer 42

They can adapt to low carbon and oxygen

Question 43

What does halobacterium do when oxygen is high

Answer 43

They grown organic molecules when oxygen is high

Question 44

What phyla only produce methane?

Answer 44

Euryarchaeota

Question 45

How does euryarchaeota product methane

Answer 45

They reduce CO2 with hydrogen and make methane and water

Question 46

Where can you find the Euryarchaeota methane

Answer 46

In human gut or swamp sediment

Question 47

Where can you find methane ?

Answer 47

Anoxic sediments and animal digestive tracts