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ANAT102 > Topic 3: BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLES OF THE ELBOW REGION > Flashcards

Topic 3: BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLES OF THE ELBOW REGION Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of the elbow joint

A

Synovial, uniaxial, hinge

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2
Q

Movements of the elbow joint

A

Flexion, extension

- transverse axis (sagittal plane)

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3
Q

Fat pad in the olecranon fossa functions

A

sits in the fossa to absorb shock when the elbow is extended.
- comes out in extension, in in flexion (check that)

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4
Q

Articular surfaces of the elbow joint

A
  1. head of radius - articulates with capitulum of humerus

2. trochlear notch of ulna - articulates with trochlear of humerus

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5
Q

Elbow joint complex

Superior RU joint classification

A

synovial, uniaxial, pivot (radius pivots around the ulna)

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6
Q

Elbow joint complex

Superior RU joint movements

A

Pronation & supination

- longitudinal axis (trans plane)

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7
Q

Superior RU joint articular surfaces

A
  1. head of radius

2. radial notch of ulna

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8
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints articular capsule

A

common capsule for elbow and superior RU joint

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9
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints articular capsule attachments

A
  1. attaches at articular margins of humerus
  2. attaches to articular margins of radius
  3. no direct attachment to ulna
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10
Q

Where is the elbow and superior RU joint articular capsule thickest?

A

thickest & strongest at sides of joints, relatively weak anteriorly, weak posteriorly

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11
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints synovial membrane

A

common to both joints

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12
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints extrasynovial fat pads

A

occupy the fossae where the bony projections do not (absorb shock when elbow = extended)

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13
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints Ligaments

Annular ligament shape

A

“ring-shaped” or circular

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14
Q

Annular ligament attachments

A

both attachments on ulna (radial head can spin)

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15
Q

Annular ligament surrounds what>

A

head of the radius

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16
Q

Annular ligament stops:

A

ulna moving laterally (prevents breaking of the 2 bones)

because; when annular ligament = put under tension, brings ulna closer into the superior RU jt

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17
Q

Annular ligament movements

A

allows pronation/ supination

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18
Q

Annular ligament shape/ where is it wider and why?

A

wider superiorly than inferiorly, funnel shaped –> stops radius from slipping out inferiorly
- follows shape of radial head –> not cone shaped in kids; can easily inferiorly dislocate

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19
Q

Ligaments of the elbow and superior RU joints

A
  1. medial/ ulnar collateral ligament

2. lateral/ radial collateral ligament

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20
Q

Where is the joint capsule stronger in the elbow joint & why is that so?

A

stronger & thicker on sides
- thin anteriorly & posteriorly so that you can facilitate movements in the sagittal plane
- dont want to do elbow abduction/ adduction –> joint capsule prevents these movements
(ligaments (collateral) make the jt capsule thicker & stronger on the sides which = prevents movements)

21
Q

Mechanical functions of ligaments

A

to limit &prevent movements

22
Q

Elbow and superior RU joints

Collateral ligaments function

A

tense throughout flexion/ extension range

23
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow function

A

3 parts

- PREVENTS abduction

24
Q

Radial collateral ligament of the elbow function

A

2 parts

- PREVENTS ADDUCTION

25
Q

where do the 2 slips of the radial collateral ligament (elbow) go to?

A
  • 1 slip goes to annular ligament on the radius

- 1 slip goes to ulna

26
Q

Classification of the inferior radioulnar joint

A

synovial, uniaxial, pivot

27
Q

Movements of the inferior radioulnar joint

A 
- pronation - supination 
longitudinal axis (transverse plane)
28
Q

Intermediate radioulnar joint classification

A

fibrous, syndesmosis (interosseous membrane)

29
Q

Which direction do the fibres of the intermediate radioulnar joint pass?

A

downward from radius to ulna
–> radial head would shatter with FOOSH if no interosseous membrane (distributes the forces between the two bones as the radial head is a lot smaller than the ulnar head and would easily break)

30
Q

Function of the interosseous membrane of the intermediate RU joint

A
  • enables distribution of force/ shock to prevent radial head break or dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint
  • dissipates force as go towards axial skeleton –> SC jt dislocation prvenets
31
Q

Direction of forces in the intermediate RU jt

A

from radius–> ulna –> humerus –> shoulder girdle –> axial skeleton

32
Q

Other function of Interosseous membrane

A

+ oblique cord; acts as a fulcrum for pronation- supination & attachment site for muscles

33
Q

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE ELBOW REGION

What is the movement between the radius & ulna at the superior RU joint during pronation & supination?

A

spin of radial head on radial notch of ulna (radial head fits into radial notch of ulna)
- radial tuberosity turns inwards

34
Q

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE ELBOW REGION

What is the movement between the radius & ulna at the inferior RU joint during pronation & supination?

A

2 ways:

  1. pronation WITH translation
  2. pronation WITHOUT translation
35
Q

Pronation WITH translation

A

roll and slide of ulnar notch of radius on ulnar head

  • 5th digit (pinky) is the axis of rotation
  • radius = translating over the ulna
36
Q

Pronation WITHOUT translation

A

slight extension & abduction of ulna (by the anconeus) to move it out of the way of the radius so that radius can roll over easily

  • middle finger = axis of rotation
  • ulna gets out of the way so that the radius can roll over it nicely
37
Q

Spurt

A

mover

38
Q

Shunt

A

stabiliser

39
Q

Rotary component definition

A

force of a muscle contributing to a bones movement around a jt/ axis

40
Q

Transarticular component role

A

pulls bone towards joint

41
Q

Shape of rotary vs transarticular graph for a spurt (force)

A

rotary&raquo_space; transarticular

- muscles have a functional role to produce force

42
Q

Shape of rotary vs transarticular graph for a Shunt (stabilise)

A

transarticular&raquo_space; rotary

  • PA = closer to fulcrum & DA = further from the fulcrum of the joint
  • primary role of muscle is to get a bone into a joint & stabilise it
43
Q

Implications for recruitment

A
  1. where speed and load = low – use a mover muscle

2. where speed and/ or load are increased - use a mover muscle and recruit a stabiliser muscle to increase jt stability

44
Q

What do you recruit when speed & load = low?

A

mover muscle

45
Q

What do you recruit when speed and/ or load = increased?

A

use a mover muscle and recruit a stabiliser muscle to increase jt stability
- also think about synergists

46
Q

Golden rules for muscle recruitment

A
  1. Recruit a monokinetic muscle first (want less effort/ energy expenditure)
  2. recruit polykinetic muscles as the need for increased force increases
  3. recruit synergists as required
  4. recruit stabiliser (shunt) muscles as load and/ or speed increase for stability
47
Q

Monokinetic definition

A

One movement, one jt

48
Q

Polykinetic definition

A

multiple movements; maybe multiple jts

ANAT102 (9 decks)

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