Topic 3 Civil Rights

Question 1

What was the Jim crow army?

Answer 1

Black Americans enlisted, had to fight in segregated units

Question 2

What were black soldiers not allowed to combat in before 1944?

Answer 2

Marines

Question 3

What was the Tuskegee airmen?

Answer 3

All black American fighter group

Question 4

How many black pilots were there by the end of the war?

Answer 4

1000

Question 5

What did President Truman ban in 1948 due to the contributions of black Americans in the war effort?

Answer 5

’Separate but equal’ recruiting, training, service in army

Question 6

What did Roosevelt set up that banned discrimination against black Americans in factories producing war goods?

Answer 6

Fair employment practices committee

Question 7

What was the NAACP?

Answer 7

Organisation set up to campaign for civil rights

Question 8

What did the ’double V’ campaign set up by black Americans mean?

Answer 8

Victory over fascism abroad and victory over discrimination at home

Question 9

By 1944, how many black Americans were working in war factories?

Answer 9

Nearly 2 million

Question 10

What did Oliver Brown want for his daughter Linda Brown (Brown v Topeka)?

Answer 10

Attend neighbourhood white school rather than black school further away

Question 11

What did Oliver Brown with the help of NAACP do (Brown v Topeka)?

Answer 11

Took case to supreme court

Question 12

What did the Supreme Court rule (Brown v Topeka)?

Answer 12

Racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional

Question 13

Who was Orval Faubus?

Answer 13

Governor of Arkansas

Question 14

What did Orval Faubus do (Little Rock nine)?

Answer 14

Surrounded Little Rock central high school with national guardsmen to prevent 9 entering

Question 15

What did President Eisenhower do (Little Rock nine)?

Answer 15

Sent 1000 federal troops and each student assigned personal guard

Question 16

How many of the Little Rock nine graduated?

Answer 16

8

Question 17

By 1964 how many African-American children attended multi-racial schools in southern states?

Answer 17

Fewer than 2%

Question 18

What federal court decision did the Supreme Court uphold (James Meredith)?

Answer 18

Force Mississippi Uni to accept James Meredith

Question 19

How many troops did JFK have to send to restore order after riots broke out (James Meredith)?

Answer 19

2000

Question 20

How many soldiers had to remain on Mississippi Uni campus to protect Meredith until he graduated?

Answer 20

300

Question 21

Which group did local civil rights activists set up that organised the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 21

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

Question 22

Who was leader of the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association)?

Answer 22

MLK

Question 23

What was the ruling of the Supreme Court (Montgomery Bus Boycott)?

Answer 23

Montgomerys bus laws were illegal

Question 24

Which event is considered to mark the beginning of the civil rights movement?

Answer 24

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-56

Question 25

What were the **freedom rides**?

Answer 25

**Campaigners rode on interstate buses** to **check segregation** on **buses ended**

Question 26

What was **CORE**?

Answer 26

**Congress of racial equality, campaign** for **black civil rights**

Question 27

When were the **freedom rides**?

Answer 27

**1961**

Question 28

Where did the **freedom rides begin at**?

Answer 28

**Washington DC, plan travel to New Orleans**

Question 29

What **happened** to the **freedom riders** in **Anniston, Alabama**?

Answer 29

**Bus attacked and burned**

Question 30

What **happened** to the **freedom riders** in **Birmingham**?

Answer 30

**Attacked by angry white mob** with **no police protection**

Question 31

What **happened** to the **freedom riders** in **Jackson, Mississippi**?

Answer 31

**27 jailed** for **67 days** for **sitting in white only section bus station**

Question 32

What did the **Interstate Commerce Committee order (freedom rides)**?

Answer 32

**Desegregation of all bus and train stations**

Question 33

What was the **SCLC**?

Answer 33

**Southern Christian Leadership Conference**, formed and led by **MLK**

Question 34

When was **MLK awarded** the **Nobel peace prize**?

Answer 34

**1964**

Question 35

When was the **Birmingham March**?

Answer 35

**March 1963**

Question 36

Why did **Birmingham, Alabama** become the **focus of civil rights protesters**?

Answer 36

**Authorities done nothing to desegregate facilities** and **half population** was **black Americans**

Question 37

What did the **protestors face** at the **Birmingham March**?

Answer 37

**Water canons** **Police dogs**

Question 38

What **happened to MLK** at the **Birmingham March**?

Answer 38

**Arrested and sent to jail**

Question 39

How was the **Birmingham March resolved**?

Answer 39

**JFK sent troops** and **Birmingham forced to de segregate**

Question 40

When was the **March on Washington**?

Answer 40

**August 1963**

Question 41

How **many people gathered** to **hear MLK deliver his ‘I have a dream speech’** on the **steps of Lincoln Memorial**?

Answer 41

**250,000**

Question 42

What did the **March on Washington put pressure on JFK to do**?

Answer 42

**Pass civil rights bill**

Question 43

When was the **March on Selma**?

Answer 43

**March 1965**

Question 44

Why did **protestors March on Selma**?

Answer 44

**Demand equal voting rights**

Question 45

What did the **protestors face** on the **March on Selma**?

Answer 45

**Attacked by police and state troopers** with **dogs, whips and tear gas**

Question 46

What was **Bloody Sunday**?

Answer 46

**protestors attacked on March on Selma, shown around the world**

Question 47

What did the **March on Selma result in**?

Answer 47

**Passing Voting Rights Act**

Question 48

What **happened to MLK in April 1968**?

Answer 48

**Assassinated in Memphis by white racist James Earl Ray**

Question 49

What was the **Nation of Islam**?

Answer 49

**Sought separatism** and **rejected slave surnames, used ‘x’**

Question 50

What did **Malcolm X believe**?

Answer 50

**Rejected Kings peaceful methods** and **believed violence** was **justified** to **secure separate black nation**

Question 51

Who did **Malcolm X** and the **Nation of Islam mostly attract support from**?

Answer 51

**Young black Americans**

Question 52

Why did **Malcolm X attract support**?

Answer 52

**Excellent public speaker**

Question 53

What were **2 things Malcolm X did**?

Answer 53

**Encouraged self-esteem** of **black Americans** **Set up educational programmes** in **ghettos**

Question 54

Why did the **black power movement emerge**?

Answer 54

**anger and frustration** expressed by **young black Americans** over **high unemployment** and **poverty**

Question 55

Who was the **black power movements leading spokesperson**?

Answer 55

**Stokely Carmichael**

Question 56

What was the **SNCC**?

Answer 56

**Student non-violent coordinating committee**

Question 57

Who became **chairman** of the **SNCC (student non violent coordinating committee) in 1966**?

Answer 57

**Stokely Carmichael**

Question 58

What was the **Black Power Movement slogan**?

Answer 58

**’Black is beautiful’**

Question 59

What did **Stokely Carmichael want black Americans to have**?

Answer 59

**Pride in their heritage**

Question 60

Which **group did Carmichael join in 1968, after leaving the SNCC**?

Answer 60

**Black Panthers**

Question 61

Who **formed the black panthers in 1968**?

Answer 61

**Bobby Seale and Huey Newton**

Question 62

Who were the **black panthers**?

Answer 62

**Members wore uniforms, prepared to use force** to **achieve aim** of **socialist society**

Question 63

Why did the **black power movement gain international publicity** in the **1968 Mexico City Olympics**?

Answer 63

**Two black athletes** and **members of black panthers wore single black glove** and gave **clenched fist salute** in **medal ceremony**