Topic 3: Computers Flashcards
What is the von Neumann stored program concept and what role of main memory (RAM), CPU (control unit, arithmetic logic unit, registers), clock, address bus, data
bus, control bus in the fetch-decode-execute cycle
The von Neumann stored program concept is a computer architecture developed by John von Neumann in 1945. It is based on the idea that a computer’s memory can store both instructions and data, allowing the CPU to read instructions from memory and execute them.
The main memory (RAM) is used to store both instructions and data. The CPU is responsible for controlling the flow of instructions and data. It consists of the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and registers. The clock is used to synchronize the flow of instructions and data. The address bus is used to send the address of the memory location to be read or written to. The data bus is used to send the data to and from the memory. The control bus is used to send control signals to the memory and other components.
The fetch-decode-execute cycle is the process by which the CPU executes instructions. In this cycle, the CPU first fetches an instruction from memory using the address bus. It then decodes the instruction and determines what action to take. Finally, it executes the instruction by sending the appropriate control signals and data over the control and data buses.
What is the role of secondary storage and the ways in
which data is stored on devices (magnetic, optical, solid
state)?
Secondary storage is a type of computer storage that is not directly accessible by the CPU. Secondary storage devices using a variety of methods, including magnetic, optical, and solid state.
Magnetic storage uses magnetic particles to store data on a disk or tape. This is the most common type of storage and is used in hard drives, floppy disks, and magnetic tape.
Optical storage uses laser beams to read and write data on a disk. This type of storage is used in CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
Solid state storage uses integrated circuits to store data. This type of storage is used in USB flash drives, SD cards, and solid state drives.
What is the concept of an embedded system and what
embedded systems are used for?
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks within a larger system. Embedded systems are used in a wide variety of applications, including consumer electronics, medical devices, industrial automation, and automotive systems. Examples of embedded systems include smart phones, digital cameras, medical monitors, industrial robots, and automotive navigation systems.
What is the purpose and functionality of an operating
system?
(file management, process management,
peripheral management, user management)
understand the purpose and functionality of utility software?
file repair, backup, data compression, disk
defragmentation, anti-malware
