Topic 3 Done Flashcards
limitations to species concept 3x
Finding the evidence- Many living species have never been observed mating. Setting up breeding programs is time-consuming, expensive, and could possibly not prove aything.
Plants of different but closely related species frequently interbreed and produce fertile hybrids. At what point should hybrids be regarded as different species?
Many organisms don’t reproduce sexually so irrelavant definition for bacteria, many protoctists, and fungi
What is biodiversity?
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Classification order
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Heterotroph
organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food through photosythesis
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
Define species
A group of closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is sexual dimorphism?
distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal
What is DNA sequencing?
A process in which exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment is determined
What is DNA profiling?
the analysis of non-coding DNA fragments to determine patterns
How does gel electrophoresis work?
A solution of DNA molecules is placed in a gel. Because each DNA molecule is negatively charged, it can be pulled through the gel by an electric field. Small DNA molecules move more quickly through the gel than larger DNA molecules, as well as their relative charges
How are DNA and RNA molecules split in gel electrophoresis
Restriction endonucleases
How can we identify the DNA fragements in gel electrophoresis?
Gel may contain a dye (e.g. Ethidium bromide)
Dye will fluoresce when placed under UV light
Hence different bands can be identified
Explain process of natural selection?
- Mutation in an organism causes formation of a new allele
- individuals that have an allele that increases their chance of survival are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their genes.
- The frequency of the beneficial allele increases from generation to generation. Allele frequency increases.
- Over generations this leads to evolution as the advantageous alleles become more common
- This means a greater proportion of the next generation inherits the beneficial allele
What is a niche
The role of an organism in its habitat.
Types of adaptation
Anatomical adaptations - e.g Hairs on plants to capture and eat insects
Physiological adaptations - e.g. The slowing of heart rate as a seal dives
Behavioural - e.g. Instinctive behaviour
What is speciation?
Formation of new species
Geographical isolation
form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
Ecological isolation
species occur in the same area, but they occupy different preferences of the habitat
seasonal isolation
when different species become reproductively active at different times
Behavioural isolation
when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have different behaviours such as courtship rituals or mating pattern
Mechanical isolation
mating is attempted, but morphological differences prevent its successful completion
allopatric speciation
geographic isolation
simpatric
non geographic isolation
