Topic 3 end + 4, Aging and Diseases Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are Otoacoustic Emissions?
The sound echoing back to the middle ear. This is what is measured.
What are the sex differences in OAEs?
Females have more and stronger Spontaneous OAEs (SOAEs) and Click Enabled OAEs(CEOAEs, basically artificially stimulated)
Found to be in newborns as well, indicating a prenatal mechanism
What’s the pattern of OAEs in bi and lesbian women?
They have more male typical OAEs so they’re more “masculinized”
So what do SOAE and CEOAE data suggest?
Cochleas of homo and bi females have been partially masculinized, possibly as a part of some prenatal process.
Myth or Fact? Human sexuality relates mainly to biological functioning
This is a Myth
Fact or Myth? Human sexuality includes a biological dimension, and a psychological and sociological one.
This is a Fact
What is aging?
The accumulation of faulty cellular and molecular processes
What are the 9 big reasons for aging?
Telomere shortening
DNA damage
Gene expression error
Proteins become nonfunctional
Cells don’t apoptose properly
Energy production malfunctions
Inefficient cell communication
Imbalanced metabolism
Stem cell exhaustion
Is the whole body’s cells replaced every other year or do cells independently replace themselves in their own intervals?
Cells turnover in their own times ranging from days to years to completely replace themselves.
What things don’t replace themselves?
The CNS, lens cells, and oocytes of females.
What is detected in the DNA of old tissue?
DNA damage not caught by the repair mechanisms that have accumulated
What are two ways that DNA damage accumulates?
There is excessive DNA damage or there is insufficient DNA repair
Is our nuclear DNA the only one that gets damaged?
No, mitochondrial DNA that is prokaryotic in nature (circular, not linear like ours) can also get damaged and thus metabolism is affected negatively
How is gene expression typically controlled?
Through methylation (deactivate) and acetylation (activate). Basically transcription factors.
How does one age when gene expression is less accurate?
You get stuff like cancer if you suppress a cancer suppression gene.
