Topic 3: Microbes to know Flashcards
(25 cards)
Vibrio cholerae
gamma proteobacteria Gram negative curved rod flagellated ubiquitous to marine environments causitive agent of cholera activates adenylate cyclase - incr. chloride release and water release
Vibrio
phylum : proteobacteria
class: gamma
gram neg
Vibrio coralliilitycus
gammaproteobacteria
temp dependent virulence factors
causes coral bleaching
Vibrio fisheri
gammaproteobacteria
symbiont of bobtail squid
bioluminescence
Buchnera aphidicola
gamma proteobacteria obligate symbiont small genome: 618 KB lives in specialized aphid cells (bacteriocytes) can't repair DNA no lipopolysacharides overproces AAs genome reduction
Sulcia muelleri
obligate symbionts leaf hopper symbionts 246 KB genome missing essential DNA replication genes supplies amino acids phylum: bacteroidetes, class: flavobacteria
Baumannia cicadellinicola
obligate symbionts leaf hopper symbionts 640 KB genome missing essential DNA replication genes supplies vitamins and cofactors gammaproteobacteria
Chlamydia
genus of bacteria obligate intracellular parasites most common bacterial STI in humans leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide 3 species not locked in a host spore like when being transmitted
Mycoplasma genitalium
genome = 480 proteins
firmicutes
- mollicutes (lost cell wall)
Phytoplasma
obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue
Phylum: Tenericutes
Class: Mollicutes
Rickettsia
alphaproteobacteria
facultative intracellular parasite
go inside euk nucleus
can protect itself against vacuole pH/enzymes
Pelagibacter ubique
1.3 Mb genome alpha proteobacteria discovered in Sargasso Sea makes up 50% of cells in temperate waters photosynthetic proteorhodopsin oligotrophic small genome freeliving carotenoid pigments
Myxobacteria
big genomes
delta proteobacteria
Sorangium cellulosum
myxobacteria deltaprteobacteria 13 Mb genome - huge! capable of complex behaviours reporoduce similiarly to fungi -spores fruiting bodies - cellular differentiation can remotely sense objects can hunt prey in coordinated attacks bigger genome than some euks
Deinococcus radiodurans
gram pos nuclear reactor w/stands 10 000 Grays highly pigmented tetrad - multiple chromosomes active DNA repair systems
Shigella
gamma proteobacteria
E. coli species
human pathogen -> (destroys epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa) desentry/death
acquired 2 diff islands (SHI1 and 2) and virulence factor plasmid, lost opt and cadA
evolved pathogenicity through gene loss
Thermotoga
thermophillic some adapted to cold or moderate temps live in high temp water polysaccharide envelopes breakdown oil products
Caulibacter crescentus
alpha proteobacteria
2 cell types (1. with stock and 1. with flagella)
non symmetrical binary fission
Bacillus
sporulation
gram pos
Paenibacillus
complex social interactions
create vortexes as a pop
non random movement (cell-to-cell communication)
Helicobacter pylori
epsilon proteobacteria
gastric ulcers
chemotaxis
pathogenicity due to CagA island
Bdellovibrio bacteriovirus
delta proteobacteria
E. coli is one of its prey
it is really fast ad rams into is prey cell
uses enzymes to make hole, and then seal it up
single sheathed polar flagellum
after the collision: the cell attaches to the prey cell outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer, after which it creates a small hole in the outer membrane
the cell enters the host periplasmic space
remains reversibly attached for recognition period
after the recognition period it bcs irreversibly attached via the pole opposite the flagellum
once inside the periplasm, the cell seals the membrane hole and converts the host into a spheroplast
3-6 progeny from a single E. coli cell
Daptobacte sp.
gamma proteobacteria
kills other gram neg bacteria by colliding with them at high speeds
Streptomyces
actinobacteria gram pos soil look similar to fungi filamentous linear chromosome produce secondary metabolites sporulation for reproduction cellular differentiation source of most antibiotics used today
