Topic 3- Voice of the Genome

Question 1

what is the usual length of a prokaryote?

Answer 1

0.5-5 micrometres

Question 2

what are the names of the organelles in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

• cell membrane
• plasmid
• slime capsule
• pili
• flagellum
• circular DNA

Question 3

What is the function of the pili

Answer 3

help bacteria to stick to surfaces and transfer genetic material to neighboring cells

Question 4

what is the function of the slime capsule

Answer 4

for protection and to prevent dehydration on the cell surface

Question 5

what is the function of the centrioles

structure and function

Answer 5

Hollow cylinders which are made up of a ring of nine protein microtublues. They are involved in the formation of the spindle during nuclear division and in transport within the cell cytoplasm.

Question 6

what is the struture and function of the nucleolous

what is a nucleolous

Answer 6

the nucleolous is a dense body within the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Question 7

what is the strcture and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

a system of interconnected membrane-bound, flattened sacs. Ribosomes are attached to the surface. Proteins made on the ribosomes are transported through the ER to other parts of the cell

Question 8

what is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 8

site of protein synthesis

Question 9

what is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Doesnt have any attached ribosomes and makes lipids and steroids

Question 10

what is the structure and function o the golgi aparatus

Answer 10

sacks of flattened membrane bound sacs formed by the fusion of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for transport

Question 11

what is the structure and function of the lysosome

what is the lysosome

Answer 11

spherical sacs containing digestive enzymes and bound by a single memrane. Involved in the breakdown of unwanted structures within the cell and in destruction of whole cells when old cells are to be replaced or during development.

Question 12

what organelles take part in the movement of proteins

Answer 12

smooth and rough ER, golgi apparatus and vesicles

Question 13

what are the steps for the production of proteins and their route through the cell

9 steps

Answer 13

1- transcription of DNA into mRNA
2- mRNA leaes the nucleus
3- protein made on ribosmes enter through rough ER
4- protein moves through the ER
5- vesicles pinch off the rough ER contain the protein
6- vesicles from the rough ER fuse to form the flattened sacs of the golgi aparatus
7- proteins are modified within the golgi apparatus
8- vesicles pinched off the golgi contain the modified protein
9- vesicles fuses with the cell surface membrane releasing protein