topic 3.4 atmosphere, acids & salts

Question 1

acid + base

Answer 1

—> salt + water

Question 2

acid + alkali

Answer 2

—> salt + water

Question 3

acid + carbonate

Answer 3

—> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 4

What are the exceptions for chloride (solubility rules)

Answer 4

soluble except for ag+ (silver) and pb2+ (lead)

Question 5

what are the exceptions for sulphate (solubility rules)

Answer 5

soluble except for ca2+ (calcium), ba2+ (barium) and pb2+ (lead)

Question 6

what are the exceptions for carbonate (solubility rules)

Answer 6

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and NH4 + (ammonium)

Question 7

what are the exceptions for hydroxide (solubility rules)

Answer 7

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and ca2+ (calcium)

Question 8

what are the exceptions for oxide (solubility rules)

Answer 8

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and NH4 + (ammonium)

Question 9

wow you’re doing great

Answer 9

thanks

Question 10

what is a precipitate?

Answer 10

an insoluble solid that appears when two solutions are mixed

Question 11

what is an alkali?

Answer 11

bases that dissolve, and therefore donate their OH- (OH- donor)

Question 12

what’s a base

Answer 12

an H+ acceptor (metal oxides, hydroxides, ammonia)

Question 13

what’s an acid

Answer 13

an H+ donor

Question 14

what’s a salt

Answer 14

the compound formed when an acid is neutralised

Question 15

how much % of nitrogen is there in the air

Answer 15

78%

Question 16

how much oxygen is there in the air

Answer 16

21%

Question 17

how much argon is there in the air

Answer 17

1%

Question 18

how much carbon dioxide is there in the air

Answer 18

0.04%

Question 19

what alkalis do you need to remember

Answer 19

sodium hydroxide - NaOH
potassium hydroxide - KOH

Question 20

what’s the symbol for hydrochloric acid

Answer 20

HCl

Question 21

what’s the symbol for nitric acid

Answer 21

HNO3

Question 22

what’s the symbol for sulphuric acid

Answer 22

H2SO4

Question 23

what’s the symbol for phosphoric acid

Answer 23

H3PO4

Question 24

what’s another acid thing

Answer 24

non-metal dioxides

Question 25

what’s the ion charge for carbonate

Answer 25

CO3 2-

Question 26

what’s the ion charge for ammonium

Answer 26

NH4 +

Question 27

what’s the ion charge for hydroxide

Answer 27

OH -

Question 28

what’s the ion charge for nitrate

Answer 28

NO3 -

Question 29

what’s the ion charge for carbonate

Answer 29

CO3 2-

Question 30

what’s the ion charge for sulphate

Answer 30

SO4 2-

Question 31

what’s the ion charge for phosphate

Answer 31

PO4 3-

Question 32

what’s the ion charge for zinc (Zn)

Answer 32

2+

Question 33

what’s the ion charge for copper (Cu)

Answer 33

2+

Question 34

what’s the ion charge for silver (Ag)

Answer 34

+

Question 35

how do you do precipitation to make pure, dry insoluble salts

Answer 35

1. Mix two solutions and stir them 2. Filter out the precipitate 3. Wash the precipitate with water 4. Dry the precipitate with a paper towel/filter paper

Question 36

what’s observations for when metal carbonates react with acids

Answer 36

fizzing = CO2 gas is produced solid disappears = metal carbonate is used up in the reaction

Question 37

how to do titration thing please i need help i am sooo stuck on this

Answer 37

SETUP: 1. use volumetric pipette to place 25cm cubed of the unknown alkali into a conical flask 2. add few drops of methyl orange/phenolphthalein indicator to the flask - universal indicator doesn’t work because it changes colours too gradually 3. fill burette with known acid and clamp it above the conical flask USAGE: 4. measure the initial volume of known acid on the burette, to nearest 0.05cm 5. use burette to add acid into conical flask drop-by-drop and swirling the flask 6. close burette tap as soon as colour in conical flask changes -start colour will be alkaline colour, end colour will be acidic colour 7. measure final volume of known acid on the burette, to nearest 0.05 cm 8. calculate titre (final volume - initial volume) 9. repeat to get concordant (within 0.2 cm) titres

Question 38

observations to remember

Answer 38

fizzing solid disappears colour change

Question 39

what colour does blue litmus paper go in acid

Answer 39

red

Question 40

what colour does blue litmus paper go in alkaline

Answer 40

blue (no change)

Question 41

what colour does methyl orange go in acid

Answer 41

red

Question 42

what colour does methyl orange go in neutral

Answer 42

yellow

Question 43

what colour does methyl orange go in alkaline

Answer 43

yellow

Question 44

define the term indicator

Answer 44

a substance that changes colour in different pH solutions

Question 45

what’s the difference between an acid and an acidic solution?

Answer 45

acids are able to donate H+ ions when dissolved in water, acidic solutions are any solutions with a pH less than 7

Question 46

test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 46

bubble the gas through limewater, if it goes cloudy it’s carbon dioxide

Question 47

acid + metal

Answer 47

salt + hydrogen