Topic 3a Part 3

Question 1

What is cell division required for?

Answer 1

Growth, maturation, and maintenance of tissues

Question 2

What occurs during the mitotic phase?

Answer 2

A cell undergoes mitosis to form 2 new nuclei and then divides to form 2 new individual cells

Question 3

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 3

The process of dividing the duplicated DNA of a cell into two new nuclei

Question 4

What are the distinct stages of mitosis?

Answer 4

• Prophase
• Prometaphase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Question 5

What happens during prophase?

Answer 5

DNA condenses, organizes, and the classic chromosome structure appears

Question 6

What occurs during prometaphase?

Answer 6

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

Question 7

What is the key event during metaphase?

Answer 7

Chromosomes align

Question 8

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 8

Chromosomes separate

Question 9

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 9

Nuclear membranes reappear around the two sets of chromosomes

Question 10

What is the outcome of mitosis?

Answer 10

2 new cells are formed

Question 11

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 11

The series of events that a cell goes through in order to divide and replicate

Question 12

How often is a cell duplicated in many eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Every 24 hours

Question 13

What comprises interphase?

Answer 13

• G1
• S
• G2

Question 14

What is the G1 phase?

Answer 14

The first growth stage of interphase where the cell grows and performs biochemical functions

Question 16

What is the first growth stage of interphase called?

Answer 16

G1

G1 stands for Gap 1

Question 17

What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?

Answer 17

The cell grows to nearly its full size and performs specific biochemical functions

These functions aid the organism’s overall processes

Question 18

What is the S phase of interphase responsible for?

Answer 18

DNA replication

The S phase stands for synthesis phase

Question 19

What occurs during the G2 phase of interphase?

Answer 19

The cell finishes growing and prepares for mitosis

Two centrosomes appear in the cytoplasm during this phase

Question 20

How long does mitosis last for a typical eukaryotic cell?

Answer 20

About 80 minutes

This duration can vary depending on the cell type

Question 21

What is the first stage of mitosis called?

Answer 21

Prophase

Prophase is characterized by the condensation of chromosomes

Question 22

What structural changes occur during prophase?

Answer 22

Chromosomes condense and microtubules appear from centrosomes

The nucleolus also disappears during this stage

Question 23

What begins during prometaphase?

Answer 23

The breakdown of the nuclear membrane

Spindle fibers grow from centrosomes during this phase

Question 24

Fill in the blank: During G1, the cell grows and performs specific _______.

Answer 24

biochemical functions

These functions support cellular processes

Question 25

True or False: The centrosomes duplicate during the S phase.

Answer 25

True ## Footnote Centrosomes are crucial for organizing microtubules during mitosis

Question 27

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

Answer 27

The nuclear membrane is broken down.

Question 28

What are microtubule strands also known as?

Answer 28

Spindle fibres.

Question 29

What is the kinetic core attached to?

Answer 29

The centromere of each sister chromatid.

Question 30

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 30

Sister chromatids align along the centre of the cell.

Question 31

What is the role of microtubules during anaphase?

Answer 31

Microtubules shorten to separate sister chromatids.

Question 32

What happens to the poles of the cell during anaphase?

Answer 32

The poles of the cell move farther apart.

Question 33

What is the final stage of mitosis?

Answer 33

Telophase.

Question 34

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 34

A new nuclear membrane surrounds the chromosomes.

Question 35

What is mitosis followed by?

Answer 35

Cytokinesis.

Question 36

What is the contractile ring's role during cytokinesis?

Answer 36

It compresses the cell to divide it into nearly equal halves.

Question 37

What organelles are replicated and divided during cytokinesis?

Answer 37

* Mitochondria * Golgi bodies * Rough ER * Chloroplasts

Question 38

What stage do the two new cells enter after cytokinesis?

Answer 38

G1 stage of interphase.

Question 39

What is the first phase of mitosis?

Answer 39

Prophase.

Question 40

What occurs to DNA during prophase?

Answer 40

DNA condenses into chromosomes.

Question 41

What marks the transition to prometaphase?

Answer 41

The appearance of microtubules.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: During ________, chromosomes are aligned at the centre of the cell.

Answer 42

metaphase

Question 43

True or False: Mitosis results in the formation of one new cell.

Answer 43

False.

Question 44

What returns to an uncondensed state at the end of telophase?

Answer 44

Chromosomes.

Question 46

What is the first stage of mitosis?

Answer 46

Prophase ## Footnote In prophase, DNA condenses into chromosomes and microtubules appear.

Question 47

What occurs during prometaphase in mitosis?

Answer 47

Nuclear membrane breaks down and microtubules attach to chromosomes ## Footnote This stage is crucial for chromosome movement.

Question 48

What is the key event during metaphase?

Answer 48

Chromosomes align at the center of the cell ## Footnote This alignment is essential for proper separation during the next phase.

Question 49

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 49

Chromosomes move apart to opposite poles of the cell ## Footnote This ensures that each new cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 50

What characterizes the telophase stage of mitosis?

Answer 50

Appearance of new nuclear membranes ## Footnote This stage signifies the end of mitosis.

Question 51

What is the final process of cell division called?

Answer 51

Cytokinesis ## Footnote Cytokinesis is when the cell membrane splits, resulting in two new cells.

Question 52

What organelles are divided between the two new cells after mitosis?

Answer 52

* Mitochondria * Golgi bodies * Rough ER * Chloroplasts ## Footnote These organelles are essential for the functioning of the new cells.

Question 53

What phase do the two new cells enter after cytokinesis?

Answer 53

G1 stage of interphase ## Footnote This stage is part of the cell cycle where cells grow and perform their specialized functions.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: Mitosis begins with _______.

Answer 54

Prophase

Question 55

True or False: The chromosomes are moving apart during metaphase.

Answer 55

False ## Footnote Chromosomes align at the center during metaphase, not move apart.

Question 56

What are the two phases during the cell cycle?

Answer 56

* Interphase * Mitosis ## Footnote Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases, while mitosis is the process of cell division.