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GCSE GEOGRAPHY [EDEXCEL A] 🌎 > TOPIC 3B: tropical rainforests 🦜🥭 > Flashcards

TOPIC 3B: tropical rainforests 🦜🥭 Flashcards

1
Q

How are marine ecosystems important to the UK, as a resource ? 🍣

Hint: generates, activities

A
  • recreation- people use coastal marine ecosystems for leisure activities [e.g- swimming, fishing or boating].
  • Tourism also generates income, which allows people to make a living.
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2
Q

How else can marine ecosystems be an important resource, to the UK ? 🌊

Hint: renewable, drilled for oil

A
  • energy- marine ecosystems are also important for energy. This is because, not only do they provide sites to generate renewable energy such as tidal power.
  • They also have deep sea platforms. These deep sea platforms, can be drilled for oil, which can then be used for fuel in industry purposes.
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3
Q

What can be extracted from the seabed, as an important resource for the UK ?

Hint: cooking and heating

A
  • energy- as natural gas can also be extracted from the seabed, to be used for cooking and heating.
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4
Q

What is the last way that the marine ecosystem, can be an important resource for the UK ? 🎣

Hint: breeding grounds

A
  • fishing- people catch fish from marine ecosystems, as a source of food. This generates jobs.
  • moreover, coastal marine ecosystems provide good breeding grounds for main fish species, that are caught and then sold.
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5
Q

Name some ways, how human activities are degrading marine ecosystems ?

A
  • pollution
  • damage to the seabed
  • and fishing
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6
Q

How is pollution degrading marine ecosystems ? 🐢

Hint: intestinal blockages

A
  • marine animals such as sea turtles, can eat plastic waste and mistake it for food. This can then kill them, since the plastic collects in their bodies.
  • For example with bags, it can cause intestinal blockages, meaning they can’t feed, therefore they will die due to starvation.
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7
Q

How else can pollution degrade marine ecosystems ? 🏭

Hint: waste, murky, fish

A
  • industrial waste can affect the health of marine organisms such as fish.
  • This is because industrial wastewater increases the murkiness/gloominess of the water.
  • and because of this, it can block fishes gills from being unable to absorb dissolved oxygen [in the water]—-> meaning fishes will die.
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8
Q

What is the third way how pollution can degrade marine ecosystems ? 🦈🐋

Hint: estuary, consumes dissolved oxygen, marine organisms

A
  • excess fertilisers used to improve plant growth, can run into areas where freshwater rivers meet the ocean. This is called an estuary.
  • if excess fertilisers do run into estuaries, this will cause algae to rapidly grow and reduce the supply of oxygen, since as the algae die and decompose, this consumes dissolved oxygen.
  • and as a result of algae reducing the supply of oxygen, this can then kill marine organisms which live in seabed habitats, like sharks or whales.
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9
Q

How can damage to the seabed, degrade marine ecosystems ? 🪸

Hint: trawl nets, damage, recover

A
  • trawl nets are nets, behind boats that catch marine organisms.
  • fishing with trawl nets can degrade marine life ecosystems, by damaging seabed habitats.
  • meaning habitats such as coral reefs, will recover extremely slow
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10
Q

What is another way that damage to the seabed, can degrade marine ecosystems? ⛴️

Hint: create shipping routes, nutrients

A
  • dredging is the process of clearing out mud and other materials from the sea floor, to create shipping routes.
  • ; dredging can degrade marine ecosystems since this process removes nutrients from the seabed which marine organisms would rely on.
  • For example, marine animals and plants need nitrogen, but if it’s removed it results in a poor growth of marine plants.
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11
Q

What is the final way how damage to the seabed, can degrade marine ecosystems? 🏗

Hint: releasing chemicals

A
  • building marine infrastructure such as oil platforms, oil rigs and [offshore platforms] can physically damage the seafloor by, releasing chemicals.
  • ; marine organisms that live in the seabed can also be harmed because of building marine infrastructure. [link to 2010 BP oil leak.]
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12
Q

How can fishing degrade marine ecosystems ? 🐡

Hint: demand for fish, decline

A
  • overfishing- since the demand for fish in the UK is greater than the supply of wild fish, this results in overfishing.
  • In overfishing, fish species are caught faster than they can be replaced, meaning the number of fish species will decline.
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13
Q

What is an example of how damaging the seabed can degrade marine ecosystems? 🐢🪿

Hint: oil rig

A
  • For example in 2010, the BP oil disaster occurred at an oil rig which resulted in releasing 134 gallons of oil into the gulf of Mexico.
  • This degraded marine ecosystems by killing 167,000 turtles and disrupting the food chain since 93 bird species were been exposed to the oil leak.
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14
Q

Name all the biotic and abiotic characteristics of the tropical rainforest ecosystem ? [6] 🌿💧

Hint: water

A
  • plants
  • animals
  • and humans
  • climate
  • soil
  • water
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15
Q

How are plants, a biotic characteristic of the tropical rainforest ecosystem ?

Hint: evergreen, vegetation cover

A
  • plants- most of the trees are evergreen, since they take advantage of the contuines growing season.
  • many trees are really tall; the vegetation cover is dense because very little light reaches the floor.
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16
Q
  • Fill in the gaps: _________, are plants that grow on other living plants and take nutrients, and ________ from the air.
  • An example of this, is the spanish moss or tiger orchird
A
  • Epiphytes, are plants that grow on other living plants and take nutrients, and moisture from the air.
  • An example of this, is the spanish moss or tiger orchird
17
Q

Explain how animals, are an biotic characteristic of the tropical rainforest ecosystem ? 🐆🦜

A
  • animals- animal species such as gorillas, jaguars, anacondas, tree fronds and chimps can be found in the tropical rainforest [ecosystem].
  • though insect species [such as ants and fairy wasps can also be found.] Aswell as birds species [such as the scarlet macaw or the spectacled owl]
18
Q

What animal species can be found in tropical rainforest [ecosystems] ?

Hint: anaconda

A
  • animal species such as gorillas, jaguars, anacondas, tree frogs and chimps can be found in the tropical rainforest [ecosystem].
19
Q

What bird and insect species can be found in tropical rainforest [ecosytems] ?

A
  • though insect species [such as ants and fairy wasps can also be found.] Aswell as birds species [such as the scarlet macaw or the spectacled owl]
20
Q

What are some of the biotic characteristics that can be found in the tropical rainforest [ecosystem] ?

Hint: 🧍🏾🫑🫛🌽🥑

A
  • humans- although they are typically home to animals and plants, the tropical rainforest [ecosystem] also has humans!
  • This is because, the tropical rainforest is home to many people who have [previously] lived for generations, as they’ve adapted to life there.
  • For example- the mayas- to survive, they grew: maize, beans and squash, they also grew avocados, peppers, tobacco and several medicinal plants. [during 2000 and 2400 BCE]
21
Q

What are some of the abiotic characteristics, that exist in the tropical rainforest ecosystem ?

A
  • climate
  • soil
  • and, water
22
Q

What can you tell me about the climate, in tropical rainforest ecosystems ? 🌞

Hint: same

A
  • in tropical rainforest ecosystems:
  • the climate is the same all year round because, there aren’t any definite seasons.
  • the temperature is hot and typically ranges from 20c to 28c [; it can slightly vary].
  • This is because, tropical rainforests are near the equator, therefore the sun is overhead all year round.
23
Q

What can you tell me about the abiotic characteristic: soil, in tropical rainforest ecosystems ? 🌧️

Hint: fertile

A
  • in tropical rainforest ecosystems:
  • the soil isn’t that fertile. This is because, heavy rain washes the nutrients in the soil away.
  • although decayed fallen leaves do provide a thin layer of nutrients [on the soil surface], the soil still isn’t fertile- because decay is fast in warm and moist conditions.
24
Q

What can you tell me about the abiotic characteristic: water, in tropical rainforest ecosystems ? 💧

Hint: stopped, stored, feeding rivers

A
  • in tropical rainforest ecosystems:
  • most of the rain is stopped, by the tree canopy.
  • ; some water is absorbed by plants and stored inside them.
  • additionally, water runs off the soil into streams= feeding some of the the largest rivers in the world. [e.g- the Amazon river]

GCSE GEOGRAPHY [EDEXCEL A] 🌎 (19 decks)

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