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Chemistry > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the products of reactive metals and cold water

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas

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2
Q

What type of metal will react with acids

A

Fairly reactive

Acid + metal ——salt + hydrogen

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3
Q

What type of metals will react with oxygen

A

Almost all metals will react with oxygen except gold

Metal+ oxygen = metal oxide

Although more reactive metals will react more quickly

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4
Q

How can you see how reactive metals are?

A

By seeing if they react :

With water , very reactive

With acid , fairly reactive

With oxygen , not very reactive

You can tell if bubbles are made (hydrogen)

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5
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal

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6
Q

How do displacement reactions work

A

The more reactive metal takes the place of the less reactive metal

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7
Q

Example of displacement reaction

A

Calcium + aluminium oxide = calcium oxide + aluminium

This happens because calcium binds more strongly to the oxygen

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8
Q

Shat are displacement reactions

A

redox reactions where one element is oxidised ( loses electrons and gains oxygen ) and another is reduced ( gains electrons and loses oxygen)

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9
Q

How do you extract metals less reactive than carbon

A

Can be extracted from ores by reduction with carbon

Heat the ore with carbon and the carbon the displace the metal

This removes the oxygen from the metal

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10
Q

How to extract metals more reactive than carbon

A

Electrolysis

  1. Electrolysis splits up ionic compounds
  2. A electrical current passes through
  3. Electrodes are charged (anodes and cathods)

4.electrolytes are attracted to electrodes

5.ions in the metal are oxidised

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11
Q

Step by step phytoextraction

A

Same plants absorb metal compounds through their roots

Plants are planted in soil containing metal compounds

Plants are burned to ash and metal compounds is collected

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12
Q

Step by step bacterial extraction

A

Some bacteria absorb metal compounds

Bacteria produces a solution called leachate which contain the metal compounds

Metal separated by using displacement with iron

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13
Q

What is oxidation

A

Oxidation is gain of oxygen

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14
Q

What is reduction

A

Reduction is loss of oxygen

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15
Q

What is the reaction with oxidation and reactivity

A

The less reactive a metal is the less it oxidises since it needs to form a positive metal ion by losing electrons
(Loss of electrons = oxidation)

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16
Q

What are the advantages of recycling metals instead of mining more?

A

Recycling uses less energy to metal and reform the old metal compared to extracted new metal

Mining ore is bad for the environment = noise pollution and dust

Recycling is more sustainable as ore is a finite rescource

17
Q

What is a reve

A
18
Q

What is a reversibel reaction?

A

Where in some chemical reactions products of a reaction can react to make the original reactants

19
Q

What is the haber process?

A

How ammonia is made = nitrogen + hydrogen = ammonia

20
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Rate of forward reaction = rate of backwards reaction

Concentration of reacting substances stay the same

21
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

Where once the reaction reaches equilibrium they keep going

22
Q

How is ammonia made

A

Where nitrogen and hydrogen are combined using 200 atmospheres of pressure + 450 *Celsius + an iron catalyst

23
Q

What happens if the concentration of reactants are increased in the haber process?

A

More product is produced until equilibrium is reached again

24
Q

What happens if the concentration of product is increased in the haber process?

A

The amount of reactants increase until equilibrium is reached again

25
Q

What happens if temperature is increased in the haber process

A

Equilibrium moves towards the endothermic reaction = more product is produced

Chemistry (9 decks)

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