topic 4

Question 1

What is a mollusk?

Answer 1

softbodied organism with bilateral symmetry with a head, foot, and coiled visceral mass

bivalve, gastropod, cephalopod

Question 2

mollusk reproduction

Answer 2

r strategists, some are hermaphroditic, most are sexually dimorphic

Question 3

bivalves

Answer 3

mollusks with two shells(CaCo3) held together with a ligament
- broadcast spawners
- shell kept closed by adductor muscles

Question 4

bivalve structure

Answer 4

siphon tube: snorkel/straw that is used for respiration and propelling itself and eating (ALL ARE FILTER FEEDERS)

foot: tongue looking thing to move

Question 5

what are gastropods?

Answer 5

2/3 of all mollusks, means “stomach foot”
univalves (one shell)

Question 6

gastropod structures

Answer 6

no blood vessels, just heart that pumps blood around
anterior tentacle touches and tastes/posterior tentacle perceives light
secrete mucus for locomotion
radula: ribbon like tooth for consuming dead and dying
some are predators

Question 7

gastropod reproduction

Answer 7

hermaphodites
internal fertilization and external development
fertilized eggs are dropped directly into water or egg cases

Question 8

what are cephalopods?

Answer 8

means “head foot”
bilateral body symmetry
excellent swimmers through jet propulsion

Question 9

cephalopod body plan

Answer 9

all the bivalve features plus beak, grasping arms, chromatophores, complex brain, no shell

Question 10

cephalopod feeding

Answer 10

eat fish and crustaceans
kills prey with beak (injects with venom)

Question 11

cephalopod reproduction

Answer 11

separate sexes breed in shallow water
male delivers sperm packe to female for octopuses
squid deposit clusters of eggs

Question 12

cnidarians

Answer 12

all have sting cells called nematocysts that were inherited with a single ancestor

corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish

Question 13

cnidarian reproduction

Answer 13

r strategists, sexual or asexual
can be hermaphroditic
fertilization can occur externally or internally

Question 14

jellyfish

Answer 14

free swimming w a bell and stinging tentacles with a nerve net, no central system

Question 15

jellyfish body plan

Answer 15

medusa, mesoglea, mouth=anus

Question 16

medusa

Answer 16

umbrella shaped structure w two membranes, epidermis and gastrodermis

Question 17

mesoglea

Answer 17

the gel stuff in a jellyfish

Question 18

jellyfish locomotion

Answer 18

contract medusa to propel itself
primarily uses wind and tides so can be considered plankton

Question 19

jellyfish feeding

Answer 19

tentacles contain stinging cells called cnidoblasts that paralyze prey, cnidoblasts have coiled thread w barb called nematocyst (gets triggered and shoots)

Question 20

jellyfish reproduction

Answer 20

separate sexes reproduce sexually and asexually
gonads in 4 leaf clover pattern in medusa, some are broadcast spawners

Question 21

what are corals?

Answer 21

smaller animals that make up larger structure, is a habitat

Question 22

coral polyp

Answer 22

soft bodied structure that makes up the animal, can live individually

Question 23

coral feeding

Answer 23

each polyp has ring of tentacles covers in cnidoblasts that captures different organisms

Question 24

coral and zooxanthellae

Answer 24

algae photosynthesize then shares food and O2 with the coral, builds the reef

Question 25

two types of coral

Answer 25

stony(CaCO3) and soft(fibrous protein)

Question 26

coral reproduction

Answer 26

broadcast spawner

Question 27

what are arthropods?

Answer 27

largest phylum of mostly insects: have a segmented body, jointed appendages, and crunchy exoskeleton

Question 28

crustacean biology

Answer 28

have gills and exoskeleton, compound eyes and two pairs of antennae

Question 29

crustacean nervous system and brain

Answer 29

simple brain and well developed sensory system with a ladder like nervous system that is more centralized for crabs and lobsters

Question 30

crustacean reproduction

Answer 30

sexes are separate, sexual dimorphism, internal fertilization, females carry the eggs with special legs called pleopods

Question 31

crustacean groups

Answer 31

small crustaceans, amphipods and isopods, barnacles, decapods, shrimp and lobsters

Question 32

small crustaceans

Answer 32

plankton, etc. copepods are simplest members, they are filter feeders that sweep food into their mouth

Question 33

barnacles

Answer 33

sessile(attached to surface) filter feeders with a calcium shell and cirri, which are stiff bristles that are legs

Question 34

amphipods and isopods

Answer 34

amphipods: curved body, tiny with specialized appendages isopods: large and small, mostly decomposers

Question 35

krill or euphausiids

Answer 35

planktonic, distinct carapace

Question 36

the decapods

Answer 36

shrimp, lobsters, and crabs that have 5 pairs of legs, called pleopods

Question 37

cephalothorax

Answer 37

the head and thorax fused together of the decopods

Question 38

tail of decapods

Answer 38

pleaon, is the abdomens

Question 39

shrimps and lobsters

Answer 39

tube shaped, shrimp are mostly scavengers while lobsters are nocturnal scavengers and predators

Question 40

true crabs

Answer 40

brachyurans, largest and most diverse group with abdomen tucked under cephalothorax, highly mobile scavengers/predatos

Question 41

convergent evolution and perfect form

Answer 41

separate things evolve similarly carcinization driven by natural selection

Question 42

other arthropods

Answer 42

horseshoe crabs and sea spiders

Question 43

chordates

Answer 43

animals that have dorsal nerve cord, notocord, post anal tail, pharnygeal gill slits at one point in their lives(generally embryonic stage)

Question 44

tunicates

Answer 44

type of chordate -- sea squirt, primitive and hermaphroditic

Question 44

acorn worm

Answer 44

primitive chordate, suspended in water column or the sand

Question 44

protochordates

Answer 44

first with early form of vertebrae, not official group

Question 45

lancelets

Answer 45

a chordate transparent and fishlike that eat plankton, poorly developed

Question 45

jawless fish

Answer 45

lamprey and hagfish are the only two left