Topic 4

Question 1

What are the 5 general salt types (not products)

Answer 1

1. acid + metal carbonate
2. acid + metal hydrogen carbonate
3. acid + metal hydroxide
4. acid + metal oxide
5. acid + metal

Question 2

Acid + metal carbonate ->

Answer 2

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 3

Acid + metal hydrogen carbonate ->

Answer 3

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 4

acid + metal hydroxide ->

Answer 4

salt + water

Question 5

acid + metal oxide ->

Answer 5

salt + water

Question 6

acid + metal ->

Answer 6

salt + hydrogen

Question 7

soluble acid + soluble base ->

Answer 7

soluble salt + water

Question 8

salt prep : soluble acid + soluble base

Answer 8

• neuturalisation by titration
• evaporation
• drying

Question 9

soluble acid + insoluble base ->

Answer 9

soluble salt + water

Question 10

salt prep 2 : soluble acid + insoluble base

Answer 10

• neuturalisation
• filtration
• evaporation

Question 11

soluble salt + soluble salt ->

Answer 11

insoluble salt + soluble salt

Question 12

salt prep 3 : soluble salt + soluble salt

Answer 12

• precipitation
• filtration
• washing then drying

Question 13

solubility rules (5)

Answer 13

No3- : all nitrates soluble
Cl- : all chlorides soluble except agcl, pbcl2
so4 2- : all sulfates soluble except caso4 pbso4 baso4
OH: all hydroxides insoluble except g1 and g2 slightly soluble
CO3 2- : all carbonates insoluble except g1 and (NH4)2CO3

Question 14

what is water of crystallisation

Answer 14

crystalline salt which is hydrates or chemically combined with water

Question 15

what does anhydrous mean

Answer 15

complete dryness

Question 16

acidc and amphoteric oxide test

Answer 16

reacts with metal carbonates (base) to form co2 gas

Question 17

acidic oxide test

Answer 17

dissolves in water and lowers ph (test with universal indicator)

Question 18

basic + amphoteric oxide test

Answer 18

rects with acides and is neuturalised

Question 19

ph of non metal oxides and examples

Answer 19

most acidic
so2 so3 co2

Question 20

ph of metal oxides and examples

Answer 20

most are basic eg caO and na2o

Question 21

what is a amphiprotic oxide and example

Answer 21

can donate and accept protons
eg water
H20 turns into h30 + or OH-

Question 22

what is an amphoteric oxide and example

Answer 22

reacts like and acid and base eg aluminium hydroxide

Question 23

How is quick lime formed (cao) and equation

Answer 23

by the decomposition of CaCO3
- caco3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

Question 24

how is slaked lime formed and equation

Answer 24

by the addition of water to quick lime
CaO (s) + H2O (l) -> Ca(OH)2 (s)

Question 25

how is limewater formed

Answer 25

more water added to slaked lime

Question 26

how is lime stone formed and equation

Answer 26

by bubbling CO2

Question 27

examples of metals that react vigorously with water

Answer 27

potassium, sodium, calcium

Question 28

products when metals react with water

Answer 28

metal hydroxide and H2 gas

Question 29

calcium reaction with water. UI result

Answer 29

bubbles of gas are given off after a few secounds. when tested with universal indicator water is now alkali

Question 30

sodium reaction with water.

Answer 30

melts and skims over the surface, producing a stream of small bubbles. sometimes a yellow-orange flame appears

Question 31

potassium reaction with water

Answer 31

immediatly produces a lilac flame as it skims around the surface making a fizzing noise

Question 32

magnseium reaction with steam

Answer 32

reacts vigorously

Question 33

reactivity series

Answer 33

1. potassium 2. sodium 3. calcium 4. magnesium 5. aluminium 6. zinc 7. iron 8. lead 9. copper 10. silver 11. gold

Question 34

what happens in dispacement reactions

Answer 34

the meta in a compound is replaced by the more reactive metal to form a new compound

Question 35

extraction methods

Answer 35

- found pure - by reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal - electrolysis

Question 36

metals found pure

Answer 36

silver and gold

Question 37

metals extracted by reduction

Answer 37

copper lead iron zinc

Question 38

metals extracted by electrolysis

Answer 38

alumninium magnesium calsium sodium potassium

Question 39

most common aluminium ore

Answer 39

bauxite

Question 40

how is alunminium etracted

Answer 40

electrolysis of molten bauxite, cryolite is mixed in to help it melt easier

Question 41

overall aluminium extraction reaction

Answer 41

2Al2O3 (l) -> 4Al (l) + 3O2 (g)

Question 42

what is insterted into the molten mnixture during aluminiujm extraction

Answer 42

graphite electrodes

Question 43

what happens at the negative cathode

Answer 43

positive al ions drift to the cathode, they gain electrons and become aluminium atoms

Question 44

what happens at the positive cathode

Answer 44

negative oxide ions drift to the positive anode they lose electrons and become oxygen molecules

Question 45

where is iron extracted

Answer 45

in a blast furnace

Question 46

what is the iron ore

Answer 46

haematite

Question 47

main iron extraction equation

Answer 47

Fe2o3 (s) + 3CO (g) -> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)

Question 48

first step in iron extraction

Answer 48

coke reacts with oxygen in the hot air to make carbon dioxide

Question 49

when Co2 reacts with more hot coke what does it form

Answer 49

carbon monoxide

Question 50

what is reducing the iron oxide

Answer 50

carbon monoxide

Question 51

how is impurities removed in the extraction of iron

Answer 51

limestone thermally decomposes and the product further reacts with the impurites to form slag CaSiO3