Topic 4-2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the general shape of a prokaryotic cell?
small
simplest round shape
how big is a prokaryotic cell?
1-10 um
define invagination
infolding
define evagination
outpocketing (lungs)
what are the three common shapes of a prokayotic cell?
sphere
cylindrical
spiral
- some square
what are some elements of a prokaryotic cell?
nucleoid
pilli
plasmid
flagellum
membrance
ribosomes
cyotplasm
gram positive
Peptidpglycan wall exposed and stains violet
gram negative
petidoglycan wll not exposed and not reatain violet
there is ______ __________ between cell _______ and gram + or - staining
no correlation
shape
DRAW the FIVE kingdom system
what is the old 2 kingdom system
plantae and animalia
eukarya are more similar than ____and _______ together
bacteria
archaea
eukaryotes and archaea share a more recent CA than do the _________and_________
bacteria and archaea
what is LUCA
the root for all organisms
Genetic diversity was contributed by what three factors?
rapid reproduction
mutation
genetic recombination
what is rapid reproduction?
Binary fission
- New DNA synthesize almost constantly
- when chromosome duplicates cell splits
- rate usually 1-3 hrs
- genetically identical offspring
what is the fission rate?
1-3 hrs
but as quick as 20mins
mutation - explain
happens at low rate
only process that can create new allele
can accumulate through rapid reproduction
may lead to rapid evolution
what is the only process that can make new alleles?
mutation
what is genetic recombination
- production on new combination of alleles
- result in additional diversity
- DNA brought together
what are the three ways DNA is brought together
- transformation
- transduction
- conjugation
transformation
- change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of new foreign DNA
- griffith
uptake of DNA released from dead bacteria
explain Griffiths experiment
rats and r and s cells
Explain transduction
bacteriophages
- movement of genes between bacteria and bacteriophages
- explain this experiment
