Topic 4: Acids & Bases pt1

Question 1

Common Household products that contain an acid?

Answer 1

Vinegar(Acetic Acid)
Lemon (Citrus Acid)
Apple (Malic Acid)
Ant (Formic Acid)
Milk (Lactic Acid)
Grapes (tartaric Acid)
Tomatoes (Oxalic acid)

Question 2

Common Household products which contain bases?

Answer 2

Coffee, Cigarettes, tonic water, baking soda, antacid tablet, and soap

Question 3

Different Definitions of Acids & Bases

Answer 3

Arrhenius Definition for Aqueous Solution:

Acid: A substance that produces H+ (H3O) in aqueous solution.
(HCl+H20->H+ + Cl-)
(H+ + H2O(l)-> H3O) (Hydronium ion)

Base: A substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.
KOH+H20-> K+ +OH-

Question 4

Bronsted Lowery Definition for Aqueous and non-aqueous Solutions

Answer 4

Acid: A proton donor
Base: A proton acceptor

A “proton” is really just hydrogen atoms that has lost it’s electron.

Question 5

Conjugated acid-base pair

Answer 5

Conjugate Base: Is everything that of the acid molecule after a proton is lost.

Conjugate Acid: Formed when the proton is transferred to the base.

The final bottom line:
1. To draw an acid’s conjugated base, remove 1 proton from the acid and reduce its charge by 1
2. To draw a base’s conjugated acid, just add 1 proton to the base and increase its charge by 1.

Question 6

Lewis Acids & Bases

Answer 6

Lewis Acid= Electron Acceptor

Lewis base= Electron donor

For LA & LB we focus on the electrons not the H+.

An acid receives electrons from the base making a new bond.
A curved arrow points from the electron donor to the electron acceptor

Question 7

pi Electron as Bases

Answer 7

Can also donate electrons to the Bronsted Lowry acid. Which shoews the DB breaking into single bond.

Question 8

Drawing Acid Base Reaction Mechanism

Answer 8

1. Use curved arrow to draw the mechanism: Remember curved arrow point from the electron donor to the electron acceptor.