Topic 4 - Bioenergetics

Question 1

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water –light–> glucose + oxygen

Question 2

What is the symbol for carbon dioxide in the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 2

6 CO2

Question 3

What is the symbol for water in the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 3

6 H2O

Question 4

What is the symbol for glucose in the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

What is the symbol for oxygen in the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 5

6O2

Question 6

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 6

An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

Question 7

What are the four limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Light intensity
Amount of chlorophyll
Temperature
Concentration of CO2

Question 8

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 8

A factor stopping photosynthesis from happening any faster

Question 9

What factors are limiting at night?

Answer 9

Light intensity

Question 10

What factors are limiting in the winter?

Answer 10

Temperature

Question 11

When is CO2 a limiting factor?

Answer 11

If it’s warm enough and bright enough

Question 12

How is chlorophyll a limiting factor?

Answer 12

The amount of chlorophyll can be affected by disease or environmental stress (lack of nutrients) which damage chloroplasts and cause them to not make enough chlorophyll so they can’t absorb as much light

Question 13

What is the inverse square law?

Answer 13

Distance squared and light intensity are inversely proportional

Question 14

What is the equation for the inverse square law?

Answer 14

Light intensity = k / distance (squared)

Question 15

How do you artificially create the ideal conditions for farming?

Answer 15

Using a greenhouse

Question 16

How do greenhouses work?

Answer 16

They trap the suns heat and make sure temperature doesn’t become limiting

Question 17

How does a farmer keep the ideal conditions while still making a profit?

Answer 17

If the conditions are just right, the plant will grow faster and be a decent crop to be harvested more often and therefore more can be sold from one plant otherwise they will waste money

Question 18

What is glucose in plants used for?

Answer 18

• respiration
• converted to insoluble starch for storage
• produce fat or oil for storage
• produce cellulose to strengthen cell wall
• produce amino acids doe protein synthesis

Question 19

What is respiration?

Answer 19

The process of transferring energy from glucose which goes in every cell

Question 20

Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 20

Exothermic - it transfers energy to the environment

Question 21

What does respiration transfer energy for?

Answer 21

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
Movement
Keeping warm

Question 22

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Respiration using oxygen

Question 23

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 23

Without oxygen

Question 24

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 25

Glucose + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water

Question 26

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 26

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 27

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration? (In animals)

Answer 27

Glucose ----> lactic acid

Question 28

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration? (In plants and yeast)

Answer 28

Glucose ----> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 29

Why is less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 29

The oxidation of glucose is incomplete

Question 30

What is anaerobic respiration in heats cells called?

Answer 30

Fermentation

Question 31

When is fermentation used in industry?

Answer 31

To make bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 32

What happens during exercise?

Answer 32

The human body reacts to the increased demand for energy

Question 33

What increases during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood?

Answer 33

Heart rate Breathing rate Breath volume

Question 34

What happens if there is an insufficient supply of oxygen?

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration happens in the muscles

Question 35

What does the incomplete oxidation of glucose cause?

Answer 35

Lactic acid to build up and oxygen debt

Question 36

What happens in long periods of vigorous exercise?

Answer 36

Muscles become fatigues and stop contracting efficiently

Question 37

What transports lactic acid away from the muscles and where to?

Answer 37

Blood transports it to the liver where it is converted back to glucose

Question 38

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 38

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the lactic acid and remove it form cells

Question 39

What is metabolism?

Answer 39

The sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 40

What is the energy used for in cells?

Answer 40

Continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

Question 41

What does metabolism do?

Answer 41

- converts glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose - forms lipid molecules from 1x glycerol and 3x fatty acids - uses glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which synthesises proteins - respiration - breakdown excess proteins from urea for excretion