Topic 4 energy

Question 1

What are the energy stores (8)

Answer 1

-Kinetic
-Gravitational
-Elastic
-Electrostatic
-Magnetic
-Chemical
-Nuclear
-Thermal

Question 2

Explain Kinetic energy

Answer 2

Energy of a n object moving

Question 3

Explain Gravitational energy

Answer 3

Energy due to the position above the ground

Question 4

Explain elastic energy

Answer 4

Energy stored in a stretched object

Question 5

Explain electrostatic energy

Answer 5

Energy between two different charges

Question 6

Explain magnetic energy

Answer 6

Force of attraction or repulsion

Question 7

Explain Chemical energy

Answer 7

Energy in fuels, foods, batteries

Question 8

Explain nuclear energy

Answer 8

Energy within the nucleus of an atom

Question 9

Explain thermal energy

Answer 9

Energy due to the temperature

Question 10

Equation for work done

Answer 10

Work done = force X distance

Question 11

Energy transfer methods

Answer 11

-Mechanical- Force working on a body
-Electrical- From a power source to the circuit
-Heating- Conduction, convection, radiation
-Radiation- Lights and sound energy between two points

Question 12

Energy cannot be…

Answer 12

destroyed nor created

Question 13

Other name for same temperature

Answer 13

Thermal equilibrum

Question 14

Main energy transfer in solids

Answer 14

Conduction

Question 15

Explain conductors

Answer 15

Material which allows transfer of heat

Question 16

Explain insulators

Answer 16

Material which doesnt allow transfer of heat

Question 17

Main energy transfer in liquids and gases

Answer 17

Convection

Question 18

Explain convection current

Answer 18

When molecules are heated they move quicker pushing each other more, expanding and lowering the density, so they move up to the surface. When they cool thy gain density and move down again.

Question 19

Radiation- best emiter

Answer 19

Black

Question 20

Radiation- best absorber

Answer 20

black

Question 21

Radiation- worst emiter

Answer 21

shiny

Question 22

Radiation- worst absorber

Answer 22

shiny

Question 23

Reducing energy loss

Answer 23

-Reduction of production of unwanted energy
-Preventing the energy from dissipating

Question 24

What insulation does

Answer 24

-Preventing dissipation

Question 25

What does insulation depend on

Answer 25

-How well the insulator conducts heat -Thickness of the insulator

Question 26

Non-renewable energy resources and their energy transfers

Answer 26

-Fossil fuels- Chemical→thermal→kinetic→electrical -Nuclear- Nuclear→thermal→kinetic→electrical

Question 27

Renewable energy resources and their energy transfer

Answer 27

-Solar- Nuclear→thermal→electrical -Wind- Kinetic→Electrical -Bio fuel- Chemical→thermal→electrical -Hydroelectric- Gravitational→kinetic→electrical -Geothermal- Thermal→kinetic→electrical -Tidal- Kinetic→electrical

Question 28

Disadvantages of non-renewable resources

Answer 28

-They will run out -They all damage the environment

Question 29

Advantages of renewable sources

Answer 29

-They will never run out -They do much less damage to the environment

Question 30

Advantage of non-renewable sources

Answer 30

-They provide most of our energy

Question 31

Disadvantages of renewable sources

Answer 31

-They dont provide much energy - Can be unreliable due to the weather

Question 32

The 3 stages of generating electricity

Answer 32

-Boiler- fuel burns to heat water (steam) -Turbine- Steam makes the turbine spin -Generator- Turbine turn the generator. Inside there's a magnet inside a coil wire, as the magnet spins, electricity is generated.

Question 33

Fossil fuels: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 33

Fossil fuels burn releasing heat energy Adv: Readily available, cheap, dont rely on weather Dis: Polluting, causes global warming, produce acid rain, oil spillages.

Question 34

Nuclear: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 34

Nuclear fission, splitting of atoms to release heat Adv: reliable Dis: Radioactive waste (dangerous & difficult to get rid of)

Question 35

Bio fuel: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 35

Biofuels (ethanol, methane) are burnt Adv: Relatively quick and natural, non-polluting Dis: Natural habitats might be destroyed, food might be lost, a lot of land needed

Question 36

Wave: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 36

Up and down motion of waves push the air to spin the turbine Adv: No pollution, no fuel costs, minimal running cost Dis: Hazard to boats, eyesore, unreliable, initial costs might be high, environmental impact

Question 37

Tidal: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 37

Big dams, as tide comes in it fills the estaury, water turns the turbines Adv: No pollution, no fuel costs, minimal running costs, reliable Dis: Hazard to boats, eyesore, initial costs can be high, environmental impact.

Question 38

Hydroelectric: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 38

Reservoir behind a dam, as water is released it turns the turbine Adv: no pollution, no fuel costs, minimal running costs, fairly reliable Dis: Flooding of a valley, big impact on the environment, initial costs are high, non reliable in drought

Question 39

Geothermal: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 39

Cold water is pumped at hot rocks to produce steam Adv: Free, renewable, no real environmental problems Dis: Cost of drilling down several km to hot rocks

Question 40

Solar: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 40

Generate electricity from the sunlight Adv: No pollution, very reliable in sunny places, free Dis: Initially very expensive: only produces energy in daytime

Question 41

Wind: energy production, advantages & disadvantages

Answer 41

Energy generated directly Adv: No pollution, free energy, low running costs Dis: Eyesore, noise pollution, no power with no wind