Topic 4- Extracting metals and equilibria

Question 1

What is oxidation and reduction ?

Answer 1

Oxidation is adding oxygen. Reduction is removal of oxygen.

Question 2

Write down the reactivity series

Answer 2

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium 
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper 
Silver
Gold

Question 3

Equation how metal reacts with water

Answer 3

Metal + water–> metal hydroxide+hdrogen

Question 4

How can you show that hydrogen is forming

Answer 4

burning splint test- squicky pop

Question 5

What is oil rig?

Answer 5

Oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain of electrons.

Question 6

What is a redox reaction ?

Answer 6

Is where oxidation and reduction happen simultaneously.

Question 7

What happens at a displacement reaction?

Answer 7

The more reactive metal is oxidised and the less reactive metal is reduced.

Question 8

What is a metal ore ?

Answer 8

Is a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting the metal from it.

Question 9

Explain how some metals can be extracted by reduction with carbon

Answer 9

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series are extracted using electrolysis, metals lower than carbon in the reactivity series are extracted by reduction heating it up with carbon.

Question 10

Explain the process of bioleaching

Answer 10

1. ) Low- grade ore sites are flooded with bacteria
2. ) Bacteria absorbs cooper from the surroundings
3. ) Liquid is passed through a large colony of bacteria to produce leachate solution
4. )Solution of copper compounds is produced
5. ) Extraction of cooper , from solution by displacement using scrap iron and then electrolysis to obtain pure cooper.

Question 11

What are the positives and negatives of bio leaching?

Answer 11

+ Reduces the need to obtain new ore by mining

- slow process

Question 12

Explain the process of photo extraction

Answer 12

1. ) Grow plants in soil that contain metal compounds
2. )Then the plants are gonna take up the cooper compounds in the roots
3. ) Once grown the plants are burned to ash
4. )The ash contains metal compounds of which the metal can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions.

Question 13

Explain the positives and negatives of photo extraction

Answer 13

• slow process

+ reduces the need to obtain new ore

Question 14

Are elements lower down the reactivity series cheaper or more expensive to extract

Answer 14

Cheaper

Question 15

Explain the four stages of the life cycle assessment

Answer 15

1. Extraction and the processing of raw materials
2. Manufacturing, packaging and transport
3. Use and operation during lifetime
4. Disposal at the end of lifetime

Question 16

Explain why its good to recycle metals

Answer 16

1. Good for the environment

2. They are non - renewable

Question 17

Explain why its good to recycle metals

Answer 17

1. Good for the environment

2. They are non - renewable

Question 18

What is a life cycle assessment?

Answer 18

Is looking at the whole life cycle of the product and seeing the impacts on the environment.

Question 19

Explain what a reversible reaction is ?

Answer 19

Is where products can react with each other to produce the reactants.

Question 20

Explain what is dynamic equilibrium ?

Answer 20

Occurs when a forward and a backward reactions in reversible reaction happen at the same time and the same rate. So there is no change in the concentration of the products and reactants.

Question 21

Does equilibrium mean the same amounts on each side.

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

Example of a reversible reaction

Answer 22

Haber Process

Question 23

What does the La Chatelier’s principle states?

Answer 23

States that if there is change in concentration, pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction then the equilibrium position will move to help counteract that change.

Question 24

Explain what happens when you increase or decrease the temperature based on the La Chatelier’s principal.

Answer 24

• If you decrease the temperature the equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat
• If you increase the temperature the equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to absorb extra heat.

Question 25

Explain what happens when you increase or decrease the temperature based on the La Chatelier's principal

Answer 25

- If you increase pressure the equilibrium will move to the side with fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure. - If you decrease pressure equilibrium will move to the side with more moles of gas to increase pressure.

Question 26

Explain what happens when you increase or decrease concentration based on the La Chatelier's Principal

Answer 26

1. If you increase the concentration of the reactants the equilibrium will move to the right to use up the reactants. (making more products) 2. If you increase the concentration of the products the equilibrium will move to the right to use up the products. (making more reactants)