Topic 4 - Extracting metals and Equilibria Flashcards

Question

How do you determine a metals position in the reactivity series?

Answer 1

by reacting it with water and dilute acids

Answer 2

Metals in dilute HCL

Answer 3

1) The more reactive a metal is, the faster the reaction with the acid will go 2) Very reactive metals (e.g. Magnesium), will fizz vigourously, less reactive metals (e.g. zinc) will bubble a bit, and unreactive metals will not react with dilute acids at all

Answer 4

The Burning Splint test (squeaky pop) - The louder the squeaky pop, the more hydrogen has been made in that time period and the more reactive the metal. - The speed of the reaction is also indicated by the rate that hydrogen bubbles are given off, the faster the bubbles form = faster RofR = More reactive metal

Answer 5

Metal + water -> Metal hydroxide + hydrogen 1) Very reactive metals will react vigourously with water (sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium) 2) Less reactive metals : Mg, zinc and Iron wont react much with cold water, but will react with steam 3) Copper wont react with cold water or steam

Answer 6

Redox reactions

Answer 7

The more reactive metal is oxidised, and the less reactive metal is reduced

Answer 8

a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting metal from it In many cases the ore is the oxide of the metal

Answer 9

1) Found in their ores in the Earth's crust - the ores are mined and the metals can be extracted from the ores 2) Some unreactive metals (e.g. gold/platinum) are present in the Earth's crust as uncombined elements. These can be mined straight out of the ground, then refined before use

Answer 10

When an ore is reduced, oxygen is removed from it e.g. Iron oxide + carbon -> Iron + carbon dioxide Their ability to be reduced with carbon is based on the reactivity series

Answer 11

**The Reactivity Series** Potassium. - K Sodium. - Na Calcium. - Ca Magnesium. - Mg Aluminium. - Al **Carbon. - C** Zinc. - Zn Iron - Fe Hydrogen - H Copper - Cu **Silver - Ag Gold. - Au** 1) Metals above Carbon have to be extracted using electrolysis - expensive 2) Metals below Carbon can be extracted using reduction with carbon 3) Silver/gold are found as uncombined elements

Answer 12

Carbon can only take oxygen away from metals that are less reactive than itself

Answer 13

Metals that are more reactive than carbon have to be extracted using electrolysis of molten compounds Once the metal ore is melted, an electric current is passed through it. The metal is discharged at the cathode and the non-metal at the anode

Answer 14

Electrolysis ( for metal ores ) needs large amounts of electricity -> Electicity is expenive, making electrolysis pricey -> There are also costs associated with melting or dissolving the metal ore so it can conduct electricity properly

Answer 15

Carbon is cheap, and acts as a fuel to provide heat for the reduction reaction to happen This means that in general, metals lower down the reactivity series (less reactive metals) are cheaper to extract than those higher up the series (more reactive metals)

Answer 16

1) the supply of some metal-rich ores e.g. copper, is limited 2) The demand for lots of metals is growing and this may lead to shortages in the future -> Scientists are looking into newer ways to extract metals from lower-grade (less metal) ores or from the waste that is currently produced when metals are extracted

Answer 17

Bioleaching Phytoextraction -> The extraction of metals in their ores through the use of living organisms | a Bacterial method of extracting metals

Answer 18

+ Less damaging to the environment than traditional methods - Slower

Answer 19

1) extracting raw materials takes alot of energy - burning fossil fuels 2) Fossil fuels are running out (non- renewable) - conseve them -> contribute to climate change and can cause acid rain 3) Recycling materials saves energy as it takes less energy than extracting the raw materials 4) Conserves finite non-renewable resources | Its important to recycle materials that are **rare**

Answer 20

1) Extracting metals damages the environment -> Mines damage environment & destroy habitats + an eyesore 2) Recycling materials reduces the amount of material sent to landfill -> Landfill takes up space and pollutes the surroundings

Answer 21

1) Recycling takes up less energy than extracting materials - energy is expensive 2) Beneficial to recycle materials that are expensive to extract or buy 3) Massive industry that creates jobs - transportation, processing at recycling centres, reprocessing in to market products.

Answer 22

Choice of material Manufacturing Product use Disposal

Answer 23

Looks at each stage of the life of a product and works out the products environmental impact

Answer 24

1) Metals have to be mined and extracted from their ores - High energy = lots of fossil fuels = Pollution 2) Raw materials for chemical manufacture often come from crude oil - non-renewable resource - supplies are decreasing. Obtaining & refining crude oil = lots of energy = Lots of pollution

Answer 25

1) Manufacturing produces alot of energy and other resources 2) Can cause alot of pollution & produce waste products - disposal -> Some waste can be recycled and turned into useful chemicals, reducing the amount that ends up damaging the environment 3) Most chemical manufacturing needs water - Businesses have to make sure they dont put polluted water back into the environment at the end of the process

Answer 26

Using the product can also damage the environment: 1) Paint gives off toxic fumes 2) Burning fuels releases greenhouse gases & other harmful substances 3) Fertilisers can leach into streams and rivers and cause damage to ecosystems

Answer 27

1) Products are often placed in landfill at the end of their life -> This takes up space and can pollute land and water 3) Products might be incinerated (burnt) , which causes air pollution

Topic 4 - Extracting metals and Equilibria Flashcards

(51 cards)