Topic 4 - Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table Flashcards
(65 cards)
What ions do Group 2 elements form?
2+ ions
Group 2 elements readily form 2+ ions by losing their two outermost electrons.
What is the electron configuration of Be2+?
1s2
The electron configuration of beryllium (Be) is 1s2 2s2, and upon losing two electrons, it becomes Be2+.
How does first ionisation energy change down Group 2?
Decreases
First ionisation energy decreases down Group 2 due to increased atomic radius and electron shielding.
What factors contribute to the decrease in first ionisation energy down Group 2?
- Nuclear charge increases
- Atomic radius increases
- Electron shielding increases
What is the trend in reactivity of Group 2 metals?
Increases down the group
Reactivity increases as it becomes easier to remove electrons further down the group.
What products are formed when a Group 2 metal reacts with water?
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
The general reaction is M + H2O ➔ M(OH)2 + H2.
What is the solubility trend for Group 2 metal hydroxides?
Become more soluble down the group
Group 2 metal hydroxides increase in solubility as you go down the group.
What is the solubility trend for Group 2 metal sulfates?
Become less soluble down the group
Group 2 metal sulfates decrease in solubility as you go down the group.
What happens when Group 2 metal oxides react with water?
Form metal hydroxides
The reaction is MO + H2O ➔ M(OH)2.
How do Group 2 carbonates decompose?
To oxides and carbon dioxide
For example: CaCO3 ➔ CaO + CO2.
What is the trend in thermal stability of carbonates and nitrates in Group 2?
Increases down the group
Thermal stability increases due to larger cation size and lower polarising power.
What is the flame color produced by calcium compounds?
Orange-red
Calcium compounds produce an orange-red flame when heated.
What is the appearance of fluorine at room temperature?
Pale yellow gas
Fluorine is a pale yellow gas at room temperature.
How do melting and boiling points change down Group 7?
Increase down the group
Melting and boiling points increase due to larger molecular size and stronger intermolecular forces.
What is electronegativity and how does it change down Group 7?
Tendency to attract electrons; decreases down the group
Electronegativity decreases due to increased atomic radius and electron shielding.
What charge do halogens form when they gain an electron?
1- charge
Halogens form halide ions with a 1- charge by gaining an electron.
What is the trend in reactivity of halogens?
Decreases down the group
Reactivity decreases because larger atomic radius and increased shielding make it harder to attract electrons.
What is the oxidising power of halogens?
Decreases down the group
The oxidising power decreases with increasing atomic size and shielding.
What happens in a displacement reaction involving halogens?
A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide
A more reactive halogen will reduce itself and oxidize the less reactive halide.
What is the ionic equation for chlorine displacing bromide ions?
Cl2(aq) + 2Br−(aq) ➔ 2Cl−(aq) + Br2(aq)
What is the reaction of group 1 metals with halogens?
2:1 ratio
For example: 2Na(s) + F2(g) ➔ 2NaF(s).
What is the ratio of group 1 metals to halogens in their reactions?
2:1
In the reaction 2Na(s) + F2(g) ➔ 2NaF(s), what happens to sodium?
Sodium is oxidised: Na ➔ Na+ + e-
In the reaction Mg(s) + Cl2(g) ➔ MgCl2(s), what happens to magnesium?
Magnesium is oxidised: Mg ➔ Mg2+ + 2e-
