Topic 4- Mental Illness

Question 1

Busfield

Answer 1

2002
Categorised mental illnesses into either of these categories: thought, emotion or behaviour.

Question 2

Mackenzie et al.

Answer 2

2006
Men are less likely to recognise mental health illnesses.

Question 3

Difference between mental health and mental illness

Answer 3

Mental health- wellbeing of a person and how they cope with challenges they face
Mental illnesses- A condition where a person may face day to day struggles and how they cope with this.

Question 4

Mental health + Covid pandemic

Answer 4

-28% more under 18s were referred for mental health help
-1/10 adults suffering from depression before June 2020, 1/5 by June

Question 5

_ in _ adults experience mental illness.

Answer 5

1 in 4, according to NHS England

Question 6

What race is most likely to be ‘sectioned’ under the Mental Health act? What are they more likely to suffer with?

Answer 6

Afro-Caribbean
Schizophrenia

Question 7

Application of Risk Society to mental illness

Answer 7

Post-Modernist view- termed by Beck
Globalism, global terrorism, AI, Global Warming, Dark Web
Fear creates mental illnesses in young generations

Question 8

Application of Hyperreality to mental illness

Answer 8

(Sometimes things that are not real can create more a satisfying result than reality)
Cyber worlds, comparison of these to real words- better lives.
People may be embarrassed of their boring lives and want for more.

Question 9

Marxism on Mental Illness

Answer 9

-Social factors influence health, not biomedical model- stress caused by job, unstable housing, poor diet. Usage of antidepressants instead of rooting down cause.
-Effects of Capitalism on Health- work, financial strains, peer pressure, pester power.

Question 10

Navarro applied to Mental Illness

Answer 10

-Making illnesses the person’s fault- critiquing the person for the effects of mental illness, rather than focusing on effects of capitalism causing it.

Question 11

AO3 to Marxists on Mental Illness

Answer 11

-Altruistic doctors
-Medical advances
-Standards of living
-Individuals have autonomy over their lifestyle

Question 12

Cohen

Answer 12

-Psychiatry is dominated by the bourgeoise
-Proletariats have their work-related mental illnesses ignored by the powerful
-Psychiatrists engage in ‘professional, systematic gaslighting’, providing a culture of self blame for students (link to dangerous pharmaceuticals being given to patients for profit)

Question 13

Functionalists on Mental Illness

Answer 13

-Parson neglects MI in his findings (the sick role)
-Diagnosis is determined through trained professionals to get medicine (for mental illness)

Question 14

Laing

Answer 14

Patients relationships with others cause mental illnesses; it does not necessarily come from within the individual.

Question 15

Feminist view on mental illness

Answer 15

-Close relationship with doctors
-Triple shift/ Dual burden
-Male doctors use their power to control women
-Domestic and sexual abuse
-Limited opportunities

Question 17

Biomedical model and Mental Illness

Answer 17

-Focuses on the analysis of the physical body using scientific knowledge
-Good health as an absence of illness/disease
-Disease is a result of failings in the body, i.e. overconsumption of alcohol
-Mental illness can be treated/ cured
-Emphasis on pharmacological treatment to target ‘abnormalities’

Question 18

Criticisms of the Biomedical model being used for Mental illness

Answer 18

-Downplays social patterns of MI
-Mental illness may be viewed as a social construct as there is no universal definition

Question 19

Rosenhan

Answer 19

‘On being sane in insane places’ 1972, USA
-Sample of 9
-Participants feigned symptoms of hearing noises, faking metal illness and they neglected self care.
-Once admitted they behaved normally but this was seen as a symptom of their illness,
-He told the hospitals an undisclosed number of fake patients were being sent in but he never did- 41 patients were released,
-Shows the biomedical model was wrong to suggest that there are clinical symptoms but they look for labelled behaviour

Question 20

Slater

Answer 20

Revisited Rosenhan’s study in 2002 with the same symptoms in 8 hospitals,
She wasn’t admitted, but diagnosed with PTSD, depression and anxiety.
Given 25 antipsychotic drugs and 60 antidepressants.

Question 22

Oakley on mental illness

Answer 22

Focuses on the medicalisation of women during childbirth
Post natal depression

Question 23

Come

Question 25

Navarro applied to Mental Illness

Answer 25

-Making illnesses the person’s fault- critiquing the person for the effects of mental illness, rather than focusing on effects of capitalism causing it.

Question 26

Evaluations of ethnicity and mental illness

Answer 26

-Black fem- more needs to be done to recognize the plight of black women who face high levels of mental illness. -Mental illness treatment has improved, with £1 in £8 being spent on improving treatment with much specifically targeted at BME. Equal act

Question 27

____ the number of BAME compared with white British are being treated

Answer 27

Twice the number of BAME compared with white British are being treated

Question 28

Scheff and labelling

Answer 28

Interact+marx -MI is social construct, those who do not conform to norms and values are considered deviant. -Once others recognise different behaviour labels appear leading to master atatus

Question 29

Szasz

Answer 29

Powerful people use the label of mental illness to control those considered disruptive. cannot cure or treat mental illness.

Question 30

Moncrieff

Answer 30

Diagnosis is a form of social control.

Question 31

Rosenhan study

Answer 31

All pseudopatients were admitted and diagnosed with psychiatric disorders (mostly schizophrenia). Once admitted, they acted normally, and staff often interpreted their normal behaviors as symptoms of their supposed illness. The average length of hospitalization was 19 days. Despite acting sane, staff rarely identified them as such. In a follow-up study (which Rosenhan later admitted had methodological flaws), hospitals were warned that pseudopatients would try to gain admission. Staff then identified a significant number of actual patients as pseudopatients, even though none were sent.

Question 32

Slater

Answer 32

Repeated study Not admitted but overdiagnosed and given antipsychotics and antidepressants- reflects big pharma

Question 33

Gofman and asylums

Answer 33

Psychiatric institutions are ‘total institutions’ – it completely controls the lives of individuals for a long period of time. =develop subcultures =learn to ‘act mad’; =Motrification- paitents identity is replaced by insitution

Question 34

Foucalt

Answer 34

=Past treatmnet of MI was more celebratory and compassionate =medical gaze is applied to MI, set of organs to be controlled- dehumanising AO£ Doctors go trhough training Ignores class and ethnicity

Question 35

Littlewood and Lipsedge

Answer 35

Nationwide BME groups more likely to be prescribed drug treatments as opposed to other psychological therapies as the drugs offered a simple and easy solution.

Question 36

Busfield

Answer 36

Rad Fem Most psychiatrists are male and misunderstand experience of women- especially experience of oppression- as a mental illness