Topic 4 - Nutrition Flashcards
(19 cards)
What do catabolic and anabolic processes mean?
Catabolic = Breaking down molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power Anabolic = Using energy and raw materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance
What is the official SI unit of food energy?
- kilojoules (kJ)
Which two food groups provide the bulk of the energy the body needs?
- carbs and fats
How many carbons are there in glucose?
- glucose is a 6 carbon sugar
What are the nine essential amino acids?
- isoleucine
- lysine
- threonine
- histidine
- leucine
- methionine
- phenylalanine
- tryptophan
- valine
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
- A, D, E and K
What is a general rule for the amounts of electrolytes to give a patient in an IV drip?
1 mmol/kg/day of each electrolyte
+ 30ml/kg/day of water
Deficiency of Vitamin C will cause…?
- Scurvy
Why does a high fibre diet lower plasma cholesterol?
- the fibre binds to the cholesterol and is excreted taking it with it.
Why can humans not break down cellulose?
- we don’t have the enzymes to break the beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds.
How would you calculate BMI?
BMI = Weight (kg)/ (height (m))^2
What classifies someone as underweight?
BMI < 18.5
What classifies someone as desirable weight?
BMI is 18.5-24.9
What classifies someone as overweight?
BMI of 25-29.9
What classifies someone as obese?
BMI of 30-34.9
What classifies someone as severely obese?
BMI > 35
What are marasmus and kwashiorkor?
Marasmus - lack of nutrients in diet, insufficient energy intake, muscle wastage
Kwashiorkor - lack of sufficient protein in diet so deficient in essential amino acids, fatty liver, enlarged abdomen, bilateral pitting oedema
Why do patients with kwashiorkor have protuberant abdomens and fatty livers?
Protuberant abdomen - oedema, not enough proteins in blood plasma so water travels to and accumulates in interstitial fluid
Fatty livers - not enough amino acids from diet to form lipoproteins to carry fat to rest of body so sits in liver
Why would you need to be careful providing protein rich food to kwashiorkor sufferers?
- there has been a downregulation of enzymes used in the urea cycle (no demand)
- Build up of ammonia due to urea cycle being overwhelmed (not used to dealing with amount of ammonia)
