TOPIC 4 - presidents 1960-2000 Flashcards by Olivia Rapley-Smith

Kennedy was President from ….

1961-63

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Kennedy’s policy was called ….

The New Frontier

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Kennedy wanted to ….. and create a ….. with ….

Unite the nation
Fairer society
Greater opportunity for all

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Kennedy faced opposition as he ….

Only won the election by a very small margin

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Kennedy’s religion (….) caused ….

Catholicism
Problems

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Many argued that Kennedy was trying to …. And he was too ….

Change things too quickly
Inexperienced

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Southern congressmen ….. Kennedy’s commitment to ….

Disliked
Civil rights

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Successes in civil rights included hiring ….., supporting …. And introducing …..

Thurgood Marshall as a federal judge
James Meredith
The Civil Rights bill to congress

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JFK cut taxes to ….

Increase spending to boost the economy

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JFK increased spending on …..
This created …

Defence and in space tech
Jobs

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JFK promised to put ….

A man on the moon

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Minimum wage was increased to ….

$1.25

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JFK set up ….. for the unemployed

Training schemes

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JFK planned to start Medicare to provide ….

cheaper state health insurance

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Housing Act in …. to ….

1961
Redevelop inner cities

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In ….. JFK’s assassination …. the success of his reforms

1963
Limited

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Johnson was President …..

1963-68

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Johnson’s successes are often overshadowed due to ……. And the ….

The reputation of JFK
US involvement in the Vietnam War

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Johnson wanted to …..

Continue the work of JFK

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Johnson’s policy was known as the ….

Great Society

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LBJ declared ….. and wanted to …..

War on poverty
Put an end to racial discrimination

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As a southerner, LBJ was able to …..

Deal with southern democrats opposition

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LBJ was more successful than any other President at ….

Passing bills through congress

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LBJ passed 2 major acts:

Civil Rights Act 1964
Voting Rights Act 1965

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LBJ cut taxes to ….

Give consumers more money

LBJ improved …

Railways and roads

LBJ attempted to ensure that everyone had access to health care through: 2x

Medicare for the old Medicaid for the poor

LBJ passed the ….. to try and ensure the quality of education was ….

Elementary and Secondary Education Act Equal across the US

LBJ passed the …. to improve…. in big cities

Model Cities Act living conditions

Minimum wage increased to ….

$1.40

Republicans opposed LBJ saying he ….

Overspent

LBJ accused of not helping …. Enough

Inner cities

LBJ had to …. on the Great Society to pay for ….

Cut spending The Vietnam War

Richard Nixon was President from …..

1968-1974

Nixon was forced to resign due to the ….

Watergate scandal

Nixon set up an organisation called …. To help him …… using ….

CREEP get re-elected Whatever methods necessary

In …., 5 members of CREEP were arrested for …..

June 1972 Breaking into the watergate offices that were the democrats HQ

The Washington Post found out they were…. and that the ….. was controlled by the …..

members of CREEP CREEP fund White House

Nixon …. from his government

Denied any involvement

In …. The burglars were all convicted. One named … said that the White House had ….

1973 James McCord Covered it up

Nixon ….. but admitted two of his advisors (……) were involved. They both ….

Denied involvement Halderman + Ehrlichman Resigned

The investigation by the senate was ….

Televised

Nixon had installed a …. In the White House = …..

Tape recording system His conversations were taped

Nixon initially refuses to …

Hand over the tapes

In …., Nixon handed over …/9 tapes that had been ….. One tape was missing …. Minutes

November 1973 7 Edited 18

In …. Nixon had to hand over all the tapes, unedited, which ….

April 1974 Revealed his involvement

To avoid …. Nixon resigned in ….

Impeachment August 1974

…. Pardoned Nixon of any criminal acts

Ford

The scandal damaged Nixon’s …., the USA’s …. And people’s …..

Reputation Reputation Attitudes towards politics

Reagan was President from …..

1981-89

Reagan replaced ….

Jimmy Carter

Reagan inherited ….

Serious economic problems

World recession = ….

Factory closures, rising unemployment and oil shortages

….. were high

Budget deficits

Economic policy = …..

Reaganomics

Reagan cut taxes for …… so that they would …..

Businesses and the wealthiest Spend more

Theory of Reaganomics = this wealth ….. to the middle and lower classes

Trickles down

Reagan cut the …. Eg …. = less …..

Welfare programme Food stamps Support for poor/struggling

The …. Tax cut ever = government collecting ….

Biggest Hardly any income

Without income, the gov couldn’t ….

Pay for the services provided

National debt increased to …. (Highest level) as gov had to ….

$1 trillion Borrow money

In ….. the biggest ….. since 1929 - USA was the ….. of the leading nations

1987 Stock market crash Most in debt

Medicare benefits introduced by ….. were cut

JFK + LBJ

…. = the space programme disaster year

1986

….. both exploded

Challenger + Titan

….. programme very costly

Star Wars

Opposed …. Becoming a national holiday - changed his mind under pressure

MLK’s birthday

Opposed … = lost female support

Abortion

Opposed … = lost female support

Abortion

Eventually supported research into ….

AIDS

Bush was President from …

1989-1993

Bush had a reputation as a ….

‘Safe pair of hands’

Bush had to deal with the …. Run up by the ….

Economic problems Reagan years

Bush promised to …. But had to go back on this promise

Cut taxes

Bush increased … and reduced ….

Direct taxes Number of wealthy people exempt from tax

Bush had to …..

Cut military spending

Bush increased taxes on ….

Luxury items

Despite Bush’s efforts, this deficit rose to ….

$300 billion

The recession reduced …

Gov income from taxes

Unemployment reached …% = highest since ….

7.8 1984

In 1992, ….% living in poverty

14.2

Bush signed the …… in …. Which was the most important anti-discrimination legislation since the …. Of …..

Americans with Disabilities Act 1990 Civil Rights Act 1964

Americans with disabilities act Forbade discrimination based on disability in ….

Employment, accommodation and transport

Clean air act = reduce …. And eliminate ….

Smog + acid rain Emissions of toxic chemicals

Bush committed billions of dollars to the …

Drug Enforcement Agency (DIA)

DIA = employee …. And increasing …. - had … impact

Drug testing Border controls Little

Rodney King case highlighted ….

Racism in police force

Riots in 1992: 5x places

LA, Atlanta, Birmingham, Seattle + Chicago

Clinton was President from ….

1993-2001

Clinton was …. So had very ….. on the economy

Democrat Different views

Clinton aimed to reduce ….. and increase …..

Deficit Gov spending and investment in education and welfare

By …. Clinton had balanced the budget for the first time since …..

1998 1969

Value of the stock market …

Tripled

Unemployment at lowest rate in …..

30 years

Low interest rates = …

Highest level of home ownership (67.7%)

US export market boosted with …… with …..

North American Free Trade Agreement Canada + Mexico

….. jobs created in less than 8 years

22 million+

Unemployment for African Americans + Hispanics …..

Fell to lowest ever rate

Female unemployment = …..

Lowest in 40 years

Family Medical Leave Act in …..

1993

Minimum wage increased from, ….. to …. in ….

$4.75 $5.15 1997

Universal health insurance ……

Rejected by congress

Infant mortality at ……

Lowest rate ever recorded

Whitewater Scandal in …..

1996

Climton’s ….. convicted of fraud

Business associates

No evidence found of …..

Illegal dealings by Clinton or Hilary

….. did find proof of Clinton’s affair with …..

Kenneth Starr Monica Lewinsky

Clinton …… about the affair and was …. for ….. in …..

Lied under oath Impeached Obstruction of justice 1998

Senate acquitted Clinton in …..

1999

TOPIC 4 - presidents 1960-2000 Flashcards

(109 cards)