topic 4: study guide

Question 1

What were the economic causes of U.S. entry into WWI?

Answer 1

Post-war demobilization, economic recession, and labor strikes

These factors created instability and contributed to the desire for U.S. involvement in the war.

Question 2

What concept refers to the belief in the efficiency of government to improve society, particularly during the Progressive Era?

Answer 2

Efficiency Progressivism

This movement emphasized the use of scientific management and expert knowledge to solve social problems.

Question 3

What was the motto of the Republican presidential administrations regarding business?

Answer 3

The Business of America

This phrase highlights the belief that government should support business interests.

Question 4

What economic development allowed for increased consumer spending in the U.S.?

Answer 4

Expansion of a credit economy

This shift enabled more Americans to purchase goods on credit, fueling consumerism.

Question 5

What societal changes were influenced by technological innovation and consumerism?

Answer 5

Early suburbanization

The growth of suburbs was linked to the rise of consumer culture and technological advancements.

Question 6

What term describes a system that seeks to provide workers with certain benefits to prevent unrest?

Answer 6

Welfare capitalism

This system was aimed at improving worker conditions and loyalty to companies.

Question 7

What economic issue affected farmers in the U.S. before WWI?

Answer 7

Agricultural depression

This economic downturn significantly impacted farmers’ livelihoods.

Question 8

What diplomatic approach did Wilson advocate, particularly regarding U.S. intervention in the Caribbean and Mexico?

Answer 8

Wilsonian moral diplomacy

This policy aimed to support countries with democratic governments and promote moral principles.

Question 9

What term describes the psychological effects and changes in warfare during WWI?

Answer 9

Modernization of warfare

This included new technologies and tactics that changed the nature of combat.

Question 10

Who led the Committee on Public Information during WWI?

Answer 10

George Creel

This committee was responsible for promoting the war effort and shaping public opinion.

Question 11

What were the key components of Wilsonian liberalism?

Answer 11

The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations

Wilson’s vision included international cooperation and peacekeeping.

Question 12

What was the purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

Answer 12

Interwar neutrality

This agreement aimed to prevent war through diplomatic means.

Question 13

What legislation restricted free speech during WWI?

Answer 13

Sedition Act

This act criminalized disloyal or abusive language about the U.S. government.

Question 14

What case involved the limits of free speech in the context of wartime?

Answer 14

Schenck v. U.S.

This Supreme Court case upheld restrictions on speech that posed a clear and present danger.

Question 15

What act targeted espionage during WWI?

Answer 15

Espionage Act

This act made it a crime to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies.

Question 16

Who was Eugene Debs?

Answer 16

A socialist leader and anti-war activist

Debs was imprisoned for speaking against the war and advocating for workers’ rights.

Question 17

What term describes the period of anti-communist sentiment in the U.S. after WWI?

Answer 17

Red Scare

This period was marked by fear of communism and radical leftist ideologies.

Question 18

What was Herbert Hoover’s vision of government called?

Answer 18

Technocratic vision (associational state)

This vision emphasized cooperation between government and business for economic efficiency.

Question 19

What significant migration occurred during WWI involving African Americans?

Answer 19

Great Migration

This movement saw many African Americans relocate from the rural South to urban areas in the North.

Question 20

What military divisions were notable for African-American service in WWI?

Answer 20

92nd and 93rd divisions

These divisions included African-American soldiers who fought in the war.

Question 21

What violent event occurred in 1921 targeting Tulsa’s Greenwood district?

Answer 21

The attack on Tulsa’s Greenwood district

This event was a racially motivated massacre that destroyed a prosperous African-American community.

Question 22

What cultural movement celebrated African-American culture in the 1920s?

Answer 22

The Harlem Renaissance

This movement emphasized artistic expression and cultural pride among African Americans.

Question 23

What term refers to the idea of complete loyalty to American values and culture?

Answer 23

100% Americanism

This ideology promoted national identity and often excluded immigrant influences.

Question 24

What legislation restricted immigration based on national origins in 1924?

Answer 24

National Origins Act of 1924

This act established quotas that limited immigration from certain countries.

Question 25

What organization rose to prominence in the 1920s, promoting nativism and white supremacy?

Answer 25

Second KKK ## Footnote This organization expanded its influence and included a women's auxiliary.

Question 26

What group was formed to promote peace among women during WWI?

Answer 26

Women’s Peace Party ## Footnote This organization advocated for peace and opposed U.S. involvement in the war.

Question 27

What role did women play during WWI?

Answer 27

Women’s mobilization ## Footnote Women took on various roles, including in the workforce and military support.

Question 28

Who was a notable figure in black women’s interwar activism?

Answer 28

Katherine Magnolia Johnson ## Footnote Johnson was influential in advocating for civil rights and women's issues.

Question 29

What movement did Alice Paul advocate for?

Answer 29

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) ## Footnote Paul fought for constitutional equality for women.

Question 30

What trend increased women’s participation in the workforce during the early 20th century?

Answer 30

Expansion of women’s professional and clerical employment ## Footnote This trend allowed more women to enter the workforce in various roles.

Question 31

What movement focused on the management of household economics?

Answer 31

Home economics movement ## Footnote This movement aimed to educate women in efficient household management.

Question 32

What cultural shift represented the modernization of femininity in the 1920s?

Answer 32

Fashion and Fun ## Footnote This shift included new styles and attitudes towards women's roles in society.

Question 33

What controversial topics were influenced by eugenics during this period?

Answer 33

Birth control and Buck v. Bell ## Footnote These issues involved debates over reproductive rights and state control.

Question 34

What cultural stereotype characterized white masculinity in the 1920s?

Answer 34

From Babbitt to Babe Ruth ## Footnote This transition highlighted the changing ideals of masculinity in American culture.

Question 35

What literary group was known for its disillusionment after WWI?

Answer 35

Lost Generation ## Footnote This group of writers expressed skepticism about traditional values and norms.

Question 36

What term describes the return to traditional values and culture after WWI?

Answer 36

Return to normalcy ## Footnote This concept suggested a desire to revert to pre-war societal norms.

Question 37

What cultural trend emerged as a result of increased consumerism in the 1920s?

Answer 37

Advertising ## Footnote The rise of consumer culture led to innovative advertising techniques.

Question 38

What technological advancements became popular in the 1920s?

Answer 38

Automobiles and radios ## Footnote These inventions revolutionized transportation and communication.

Question 39

What entertainment medium gained prominence in the 1920s?

Answer 39

Motion pictures ## Footnote Hollywood became a significant cultural influence during this era.

Question 40

What cultural movement was characterized by youth engagement and new music styles?

Answer 40

Jazz ## Footnote Jazz music became a defining feature of the 1920s cultural scene.

Question 41

What was the legal status of alcohol during the 1920s?

Answer 41

Prohibition ## Footnote This era saw the banning of alcohol production and sale in the U.S.

Question 42

What movement emerged in response to modernism and scientific theories during the 1920s?

Answer 42

Protestant fundamentalism ## Footnote This movement sought to uphold traditional religious beliefs against modern challenges.

Question 43

What landmark legal case challenged the teaching of evolution in schools?

Answer 43

Scopes Trial ## Footnote This trial highlighted the conflict between science and religion in education.