Topic 4.1 - DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(59 cards)
1
Q
What is the structure of DNA?
A
- Nucleotide: Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogen containing base (ATGC)
Phosphate group - Made of nucleotides
- Long, coiled double helix
- Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases
- Phosphodiester bonds on sugar phosphate backbone
2
Q
What is the structure of eukaryotic DNA?
Where is it located?
A
- Long
- Linear > exists as chromosomes
- DNA wound around histones (DNA associated proteins)
- Tightly coiled (compact) chromosomes
- Located in the nucleus
3
Q
What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?
Where is it located?
A
- Short
- Circular (exists as chromosomes)
- No associated proteins
- DNA condenses by supercooling into chromosomes
4
Q
What other organelles contain DNA?
A
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain short, circular DNA not associated with a protein
5
Q
Define gene
A
- A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either
- The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
- a functional RNA (tRNA or rRNA)
6
Q
A
7
Q
A
8
Q
A
9
Q
A
10
Q
A
11
Q
A
12
Q
A
13
Q
A
14
Q
A
15
Q
A
16
Q
A
17
Q
A
18
Q
A
19
Q
A
20
Q
A
21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
