Topic 46 - Pyoderma. Demodicosis. Fungal dermatopathies Flashcards
(39 cards)
Pyoderma, definition
Common pyogenic bacterial infection that is always secondary to something else. It causes the overgrowth of the normal sking flora
Common causes for pyoderma:
- Coagulase positive staphylococci (the owener)
- Staphylococcus pseudointermedius
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus schleiferi - Coagulase negative staphylococci micrococci
How many types of pyoderma are there? Name them
Which is more common?
3
- Surface pyoderma:
- Superficial pyoderma:
- Deep pyoderma:
More common: Superficial pyoderma
Name the undertypes of surface pyoderma:
Hotspot
Intertrigo/skin fold pyoderma
Name the undertypes of superficial pyoderma:
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Name the undertypes of deep pyoderma:
- Muzzle, chin folliculitis and furunculosis
- Nasal pyoderma
- Interdigital pyoderma
- Pressure point pyoderma
- German sheperd pyoderma (GSP)
- Pyotraumatic folliculitis
- Generalised deep folloculitis, furunculosis, cellulitis
Structures involved in surface pyoderma:
Superficial statum corneum
Structures involved in superficial pyoderma:
To the hair follicles
Structures involved in deep pyoderma:
Dermis and subcutis
Hot spot pyderma
Causative agent
Clinical signs
Treatment
Causative agent: Fleas
Clinical signs: Pruritus, erythematous, superficial skin lesions caused by self-trauma (scratch, lick, chew)
Treatment: Eliminate the underlying cause bu clipping hair, using disinfecting/drying shampoo, short term corticosteroids, topical antibiotics
!!! Especially seen in long-haired coat animals in hot, humid weather
Skin fold pyoderma
Definition:
Occurence:
Treatment:
Definition: Common bacterial skin infection that occur in dogs due to anatomical defects of excessive skin folds
Occurence: Warm/humid, dark environments and self trauma contributes to it
Treatment: Weight loss program for obese animals, cleaning/disinfection of skin fold or surgical excision of the folds/amputation of the tail
Predisposition for skin fold pyoderma:
Breeds/areas
Breed: Shar pei + brachycephalic dogs
Areas: Tail folds (corkscrew tail)
Lip folds (cocker)
Vuvlar folds in dogs with small recessed folds (spayed to early or obese dogs)
Trunk or leg folds
Impetigo
Occurence, age/species:
Causative agent:
Clinical signs:
Diagnosing tests:
Treatment:
Occurence, age/species: Young puppies, before puberty (8-10 months)
Causative agent: Poor nutrition, ectoparasistes, unhygienic environment
Clinical signs: may be asymptomatic. They are non-painful and non-pruritic
Diagnosing tests: Cytology from pastule, impression smear
Treatment: Wash with antibacterial shampoo every 2-4 days for 2 weeks. NEVER USE CORTICOSTEROIDS
Superficial folliculitis
Occurence, age/breed:
Causative agent:
Treatment:
Occurence, age/breed: Any age, but more common in younger dogs
Causative agent: Pssibly secondary to endocrine disorders
Treatment: Antibacterial drugs for 3 weeks. NEVER USE CORTICOSTEROIDS
Description of deep pyoderma:
Causative bacteria:
Clinical signs:
Lesions:
Causative bacteria: Staphylococcus pseudointermedia, might be other bacterias too: Pseudomonas, E.coli.
Clinical signs: Papules, pustules, cellulitis, alopecia, erosions, ulcers, crusts
Lesions: they are painful and pruritic, maonly trunk and pressure points
If septic: can also see fever, anorexia, depression
Muzzle, chin follicultisi and furunculosis
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Great danes, boxers, dobbermanns, hungarian vizsla
Clinical signs: Bloody crusts
Treatment: Systemic and topical antibiotics
Nasal pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Doliocephalic breeds
Treatment: Systemic antibiotics (6 weeks as base, then until clinical signs stop, and then 2 more weeks), topical antibiotics can also be used
Interdigital pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Short haired breeds
Clinical signs: Paws are swollen and painfull with pus, alopecia due to licking, Paronychia
Chronic case: nodules, ulceration, fistulas
Treatment: Treat underlying cause, drainage, systemic antibiotics
Paronychia = inflammation of skin aorund tail
Pressure point pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Large breed dogs, from laying down on elbows, hocks, etc. Rare in cats
Clinical signs: Callus (thickened skin), with repeatued trauma ot becomes furuncolosis
Treatment: Treat the underlying cause and antibiotics.
German sheperd pyoderma
Underlying causes:
Areas we can see pyoderma:
Clinical signs:
Treament:
Underlying causes: Immunodeficiency, atopic dermatitis, food allergy
Areas we can see pyoderma: Inguinal area, flank, gluetal region, ventral abdomen, thighs
Clinical signs: Papules, pustules, hyperpigmentation, alopecia
Treament: 3 months of antibiotics
Pyotraumatic folliculitis
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Occurence, breed/age: Golden/labrador retrievers, St.Bernard, Rottweilers
Clinical signs: Similar to hot spot
No response to cleaning or corticosteroids
Generalised deep folliculitis
Areas of clinical signs:
Treament:
= most severe type of pyoderma
Areas of clinical signs: mainly trunk and ventral abdomen
Treament: Long term antibiotic given IV, whirlpool bathing, immunistimulant and treat underlying cause
Immunostimulant = levamisole
Differential diagnosis of deep pyoderma:
- Juvenile pustular dermatitis
- Juvenile cellulitis
Juvenile pustular dermatitis:
Acne seen in hunting dogs due to trauma of the hair shaft, causing inflammation
